将基于 x86 的系统引导至运行级别 3。 

引导至运行级别 3－在关闭系统或执行某项系统硬件维护任务之后使用。  

x86: 如何将系统引导至运行级别 3（多用户级别）

将基于 x86 的系统引导至单用户模式。 

引导至运行级别 S－在执行系统维护任务（如备份文件系统）后使用。  

x86: 如何将系统引导至运行级别 S（单用户级别）

以交互方式引导基于 x86 的系统。 

交互式引导－为测试目的而对系统文件或内核进行临时更改后使用。 

x86: 如何交互式地引导系统

从网络引导基于 x86 的系统。 

用于从具有缺省网络配置策略的网络引导 PXE 或非 PXE 设备。此方法用于引导无盘客户机。 

x86: 如何从网络引导系统

Solaris 10： 在基于 Solaris 操作系统 (x86) 的系统上使用 Device Configuration Assistant。

从 Solaris 10 1/06 发行版开始，Device Configuration Assistant 已由 GRUB 菜单所取代。

在更改系统的硬件配置后使用。使用此实用程序，可以从不同的引导设备引导 Solaris 系统、配置新的或错误配置的硬件，或执行其他与设备或与引导有关的任务。 

x86: 如何进入 Device Configuration Assistant

引导系统以便进行恢复。 

引导以便进行恢复－用于在损坏的文件阻止系统引导时引导系统。为了进行引导以便恢复，可能需要执行以下两项操作之一或同时执行两项操作： 

1. 首先，停止系统以尝试恢复。

2. 强制进行崩溃转储并重新引导系统－用于强制进行崩溃转储，以排除故障。

3. 引导以便修复阻止系统成功引导的重要系统文件。

x86: 如何为恢复目的而停止系统

x86: 强制实施崩溃转储和系统重新引导

x86: 如何为恢复目的而引导系统

引导 kmdb－用于解决系统问题。

x86: 如何使用内核调试器 (kmdb) 引导系统

如果您没有时间交互式地调试系统，请使用带有 -d 选项的 reboot 和 halt 命令。运行带有 -d 选项的 halt 命令后需要手动重新引导系统。但是，如果使用 reboot 命令，系统会自动进行引导。

解决与具有 64 位计算能力的系统有关的引导问题。 

如果硬件需要系统装入在 64 位模式下不可用的一个或多个设备驱动程序，则可能无法将系统引导至 64 位模式。这种情况下，需要将系统引导至 32 位模式。 

x64: 排除 64 位引导的故障

Press any key to reboot
           .
           .
           .
                     <<< Current Boot Parameters
>>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args: 
Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>      to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                               to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                                 to boot with
defaults

                  <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b
SunOS Release 5.10 Version amd64-gate-2004-09-27 64-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
DEBUG enabled
Hostname: venus
NIS domain name is example.com
checking ufs filesystems
/dev/rdsk/c1d0s7: is logging.
venus console login:

# init 0
# svc.startd: The system is coming down.  Please wait.
svc.startd: 68 system services are now being stopped.
umount: /etc/svc/volatile busy
svc.startd: The system is down.
syncing file systems... done
Press any key to reboot.

Initializing system
Please wait...


                     <<< Current Boot Parameters
>>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args:

Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>    to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                             to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                               to boot with
defaults

                  <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b kernel/amd64/unix
SunOS Release 5.10 Version amd64-gate-2004-09-27 64-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
DEBUG enabled
Hostname: venus
NIS domain name is example.com
checking ufs filesystems
/dev/rdsk/c1d0s7: is logging.
venus console login:

# init 0
# svc.startd: The system is coming down.  Please wait.
svc.startd: 68 system services are now being stopped.
umount: /etc/svc/volatile busy
svc.startd: The system is down.
syncing file systems... done
Press any key to reboot.
Resetting...
If the system hardware has changed, or to boot from a different
device, interrupt the autoboot process by pressing ESC.

                                                    
Initializing system
Please wait...


                     <<< Current Boot Parameters
>>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args: 

Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>     to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                              to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                                to boot with
defaults

                  <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b kernel/unix
SunOS Release 5.10 Version amd64-gate-2004-09-30 32-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
DEBUG enabled
Hostname: venus
NIS domain name is example.com
checking ufs filesystems
/dev/rdsk/c1d0s7: is logging.
venus console login:

Press any key to reboot.
Resetting...
.
.
.
Initializing system 
Please wait...


                     <<< Current Boot Parameters
>>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args:

Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>     to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                              to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                                to boot with
defaults

                  <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b -s
SunOS Release 5.10 Version amd64-gate-2004-09-30 32-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
DEBUG enabled
Booting to milestone "milestone/single-user:default".
Hostname: venus
NIS domain name is example.com
Requesting System Maintenance Mode
SINGLE USER MODE

Root password for system maintenance (control-d to bypass): xxxxxx
Entering System Maintenance Mode
.
.
.
# who -r
   .       run-level S  Jul 19 14:37     S      0  3
(Perform some maintenance task)
# ^D

Press any key to reboot.
Resetting...
.
.
.
Autobooting from bootpath: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a


If the system hardware has changed, or to boot from a different
device, interrupt the autoboot process by pressing ESC.


Initializing system
Please wait...


                     <<< Current Boot Parameters
>>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args:

Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>     to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                              to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                                to boot with
defaults
Running Configuration Assistant...
                  <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b -a
Enter default directory for modules [/platform/i86pc/kernel /kernel
/usr/kernel]:
Press Enter
Name of system file [etc/system]: Press Enter
SunOS Release 5.10 Version amd64-gate-2004-09-30 32-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
DEBUG enabled
root filesystem type [ufs]: Press Enter
Enter physical name of root
device[/pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a]: Press Enter
Hostname: venus
NIS domain name is example.com
checking ufs filesystems
/dev/rdsk/c1d0s7: is logging.
venus console login:

SunOS Secondary Boot version 3.00



                              Solaris Booting System



Running Configuration Assistant...





If the system hardware has changed, or to boot from a different
device, interrupt the autoboot process by pressing ESC.

Press ESCape to interrupt autoboot in 5 seconds.





Initializing system
Please wait...


                         <<< Current Boot Parameters
>>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@1/sd@0,0:a
Boot args:


Select the type of installation you want to perform:

                                1 Solaris Interactive
                                2 Custom JumpStart
                                3 Solaris Interactive Text (Desktop
session)
                                4 Solaris Interactive Text (Console
session)
Enter the number of your choice followed by the <ENTER> key.
Alternatively, enter custom boot arguments directly.

If you wait for 30 seconds without typing anything,
an interactive installation will be started.

Select type of installation: b -s
      .
      .
      .
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /a
      .
      .
      .
# cd /a/etc
# vi passwd
(Remove invalid entry)
# cd /
# umount /a
# init 6

Press any key to reboot.
.
.
.
<<< Current Boot Parameters >>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args:

Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>     to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                              to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                                to boot with
defaults
Running Configuration Assistant...
                  <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b -k
Loading kmdb...
SunOS Release 5.10 Version gate:2004-10-21 32-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
.
.
.

Press any key to reboot
        .
        .
        .
            <<< Current Boot Parameters >>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args:
Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>     to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                              to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                                to boot with
defaults

            <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b kernel/amd64/unix -k
Loading kmdb...

Press any key to reboot
        .
        .
        .
            <<< Current Boot Parameters >>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args:
Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>     to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                              to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                                to boot with
defaults

            <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b kernel/unix -k
Loading kmdb...

# halt -d
Aug 11 12:51:27 neptune halt:
halted by <user> panic[cpu45]/thread=d3971a00: forced crash
dump initiated at user request

d363ae58 genunix:kadmin+bd (5, 0, 0, d3fefac0)
d363af88 genunix:uadmin+88 (5, 0, 0, 0, 0, d363afb4)

syncing file systems... done
dumping to /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1, offset 107806720, content: kernel
100% done: 40223 pages dumped, compression ratio 4.11, dump
succeeded
Press any key to reboot.
Resetting...
.
.
.
SunOS Secondary Boot version 3.00
Autobooting from bootpath: /pci@0,0/pci1028,10a@3/sd@0,0:a 
Running Configuration Assistant... 
If the system hardware has changed, or to boot from a different
device, interrupt the autoboot process by pressing ESC.


Initializing system
Please wait...   

<<< Current Boot Parameters >>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci1028,10a@3/sd@0,0:a
Boot args:

Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>    to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                             to enter boot
interpreter
or      <ENTER>                               to boot with
defaults

                  <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter:
Loading kmdb...
SunOS Release 5.10 Version s10_62 32-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
configuring IPv4 interfaces: iprb0.
add net default: gateway 172.20.26.248
Hostname: neptune
The system is coming up.  Please wait.
checking ufs filesystems
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7: is logging.
NIS domain name is example.com
starting rpc services: rpcbind keyserv ypbind done.
Setting netmask of iprb0 to 255.255.255.0
Setting default IPv4 interface for multicast: add net 224.0/4:
gateway venus
syslog service starting.
System dump time: Wed Aug 11 12:51:29 2004
Aug 11 13:13:26 venus savecore: saving system crash dump in
/var/crash/venus/*.1
Constructing namelist /var/crash/venus/unix.1
Constructing corefile /var/crash/venus/vmcore.1
100% done: 42157 of 42157 pages saved
volume management starting.
The system is ready.
.
.
.

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b kernel/amd64/unix
.
.
.
pci: cannot load driver
Cannot load drivers for
/pci@0,0/pci1022,7450@a/pci17c2,10@4/sd@0,0:a
(Can't load the root filesystem)
Press any key to reboot.
.
.
.

Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: b kernel/unix

主引导子系统（“分区引导”菜单） 

如果用于引导的磁盘包含多个操作系统，包括 Solaris 操作系统（Solaris Operating System, Solaris OS），则会出现此菜单。 

辅助引导子系统 

每次引导 Solaris 发行版时，都会出现此菜单。除非选择通过中断自动引导过程来运行 Solaris Device Configuration Assistant，否则将自动引导 Solaris 发行版。 

Solaris Device Configuration Assistant/引导软盘 

访问 Device Configuration Assistant 菜单的方法有两种：

• 使用 Device Configuration Assistant 引导软盘或 Solaris Software 1 CD（位于可从 CD-ROM 驱动器引导的系统上）来引导系统。

• 从已安装的磁盘引导 Solaris 软件时，中断自动引导过程。

“当前引导参数”菜单 

从磁盘、CD-ROM 或网络引导 Solaris 发行版时，将出现此菜单。该菜单提供了引导选项的列表。 

Solaris Device Configuration Assistant
                                             
The Solaris(TM)Device Configuration Assistant
scans to identify system hardware, lists identified devices, and
can
boot the Solaris software from a specified device. This program
must be
used to install the Solaris operating environment, add a driver,
or change the hardware on the system. 

> To perform a full scan to identify all system hardware, choose
Continue. 
> To diagnose possible full scan failures, choose Specific Scan.
> To add new or updated device drivers, choose Add Driver. 

About navigation...  
        - The mouse cannot be used. 
        - If the keyboard does not have function keys or they do
not respond,
          press ESC. The legend at the bottom of the screen will
change to
          show the ESC keys to use for navigation. 
        - The F2 key performs the default action.

F2_Continue             F3_Specific Scan                F4_Add
Driver           F6_Help

Bus Enumeration

Determining bus types and gathering hardware configuration data ...

Please wait ...

Scanning Devices

The system is being scanned to identify system hardware.

If the scanning stalls, press the system's reset button. When the
system reboots, choose Specific Scan or Help.


Scanning: Floppy disk controller

#######################
|      |        |         |         |         |
0                        20       40        60         80       100

Please wait ...

Identified Devices

The following devices have been identified on this system. To
identify
devices not on this list or to modify device characteristics, such
as
keyboard configuration, choose Device Tasks. Platform types may be
included in this list.

ISA: Floppy disk controller
        ISA: Motherboard
        ISA: PnP bios: 16550-compatible serial controller
        ISA: PnP bios: 16550-compatible serial controller
        ISA: PnP bios: Mouse controller
        ISA: PnP bios: Parallel port
        ISA: System keyboard (US-English)
        PCI: Bus Mastering IDE controller
        PCI: Universal Serial Bus
        PCI: VGA compatible display adapter

F2_Continue   F3_Back   F4_Device Tasks   F6_Help

Boot Solaris
Select one of the identified devices to boot the Solaris kernel and
choose Continue.

To perform optional features, such as modifying the autoboot and
property
settings, choose Boot Tasks.

An asterisk (*) indicates the current default boot device.

> To make a selection use the arrow keys, and press Enter to
mark it [X].

[X]  DISK: (*) Target 0:QUANTUM  FIREBALL1280A
on Bus Mastering IDE controller on Board PCI at Dev 7, Func 1
[ ]  DISK: Target 1:ST5660A
on Bus Mastering IDE controller on Board PCI at Dev 7, Func 1
[ ]  DISK: Target 0:Maxtor 9 0680D4
        on Bus Mastering IDE controller on Board PCI at Dev 7, Func
1
[ ]  CD  : Target 1:TOSHIBA  CD-ROM XM-5602B  1546
        on Bus Mastering IDE controller on Board PCI at Dev 7, Func
1

F2_Continue   F3_Back   F4_Boot Tasks   F6_Help

                     <<< Current Boot Parameters
>>>
Boot path: /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0:a
Boot args: 
Type    b [file-name] [boot-flags] <ENTER>       to boot with
options
or      i <ENTER>                                to enter
boot interpreter
or      <ENTER>                                  to boot with
defaults
 
 
                     <<< timeout in 5 seconds >>>
 
Select (b)oot or (i)nterpreter: 

BIOS 

1. 打开系统时，BIOS 将运行自检诊断，以验证系统的硬件和内存。如果未发现任何错误，系统便会开始自动进行引导。如果发现了错误，则会显示错误消息，说明恢复选项。 

此时会运行其他硬件设备的 BIOS。 

2. BIOS 引导程序尝试读取引导设备中的第一个磁盘扇区。引导设备上的第一个磁盘扇区包含已加载并执行的主引导记录 mboot。如果系统未找到 mboot 文件，则会显示错误消息。

引导程序 

3. 主引导记录 mboot 包含查找活动分区和 Solaris 引导程序 pboot 位置所需的磁盘信息，并会装入和执行 pboot、mboot。

4. Solaris 引导程序 pboot 装入主引导程序 bootblk。bootblk 命令用于装入位于 UFS 文件系统中的辅助引导程序。

5. 如果有多个可引导的分区，bootblk 会读取 fdisk 表以找到缺省的引导分区，并生成和显示可用分区的菜单。您有 30 秒的时间来选择用于引导的替代分区。只有在系统中存在多个可引导的分区时，才会出现此步骤。

6. bootblk 在根 (/) 文件系统中查找并执行辅助引导程序 boot.bin 或 ufsboot。您有 5 秒钟的时间来中断自动引导，以便启动 Solaris Device Configuration Assistant。

7. 辅助引导程序 boot.bin 或 ufsboot 启动用于执行 /etc/bootrc 脚本的命令解释程序。此脚本提供了用于引导系统的选项菜单。缺省操作是装入并执行内核。您有 5 秒钟的时间间隔来指定引导选项或启动引导解释程序。

内核初始化 

8. 内核自行进行初始化并使用辅助引导程序（boot.bin 或 ufsboot）开始装入模块，以读取文件。内核为挂载根 (/) 文件系统装入足够的模块后，它将取消映射辅助引导程序并使用其自己的资源继续操作。

9. 内核创建用户进程并启动 /sbin/init 进程，从而通过读取 /etc/inittab 文件来启动其他进程。

init

10. 在此 Solaris 发行版中，/sbin/init 进程会启动 /lib/svc/bin/svc.startd，从而启动将执行以下操作的系统服务：

• 检查并挂载文件系统

• 配置网络和设备

• 启动各种进程并执行系统维护任务

此外，svc.startd 还会执行用于保持兼容性的运行控制 (rc) 脚本。

/etc/bootrc

包含用于引导 Solaris 发行版的菜单和选项。 

/boot

包含引导系统所需的文件和目录。 

/boot/mdboot

用于将一级引导程序 (strap.com) 从磁盘装入内存的 DOS 可执行文件。

/boot/mdbootbp

用于将一级引导程序 (strap.com) 从软盘装入内存的 DOS 可执行文件。

/boot/rc.d

包含安装脚本的目录。请勿修改此目录的内容。 

/boot/solaris

包含引导子系统项的目录。 

/boot/solaris/boot.bin

装入 Solaris 内核或独立的 kmdb。此外，该可执行文件还提供了一些引导固件服务。

/boot/solaris/boot.rc

在 x86 系统上列显 Solaris 操作系统并在 DOS 模拟模式下运行 Device Configuration Assistant。 

/boot/solaris/bootconf.exe

Device Configuration Assistant 的 DOS 可执行文件。 

/boot/solaris/bootconf.txt

包含 Device Configuration Assistant 的国际化消息的文本文件 (bootconf.exe)。

/boot/solaris/bootenv.rc

存储用于设置引导环境的 eeprom 变量。

/boot/solaris/devicedb

包含 master 文件、实模式驱动程序支持的所有可能设备的数据库的目录。

/boot/solaris/drivers

包含实模式驱动程序的目录。 

/boot/solaris/itup2.exe

在安装时更新 (install time update, ITU) 过程中运行的 DOS 可执行文件。  

/boot/solaris/machines

已废弃的目录。 

/boot/solaris/nbp

与网络引导关联的文件。 

/boot/solaris/strap.rc

包含有关要装入的装入模块以及在内存中所装入位置的说明的文件。 

/boot/strap.com

用于将二级引导程序装入内存的 DOS 可执行文件。