ZuoSi Auto Research and Shuiqingmuhua Research Center jointly released the "2026 China Charging Infrastructure (Ultra-Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Research Report".
Comprehensive Popularization of 800-1000V High-Voltage Platforms and Scaled Mass Production of 5C Ultra-Fast Charging Vehicles
As we enter 2026, given the comprehensive popularization of 800-1000V high-voltage platforms, high-C-rate ultra-fast charging batteries (5C and above) have become the core competitive track for mainstream automakers. Various brands have made in-depth layouts in battery technology, charging C-rates, and energy replenishment networks. High-C-rate fast charging of 5C and above has become the core competitive track for major automakers, while 800V high-voltage platforms have also been introduced to the mainstream family car market priced between 150,000 and 200,000 RMB.
BYD: Has an extensive layout in the ultra-fast charging field. The charging C-rate of its high-end brand Yangwang U9 reaches 6C, Denza brand models (such as Denza N7 and D9 DM) reach 3C, and mainstream models like Song L EV and Han EV also reach 2C. In addition, BYD's newly released second-generation Blade Battery and flash charging technology can achieve ultra-fast energy replenishment from 10% to 70% in just 5 minutes and 10% to 97% in just 9 minutes at normal temperature. It has also introduced 800V flash charging technology to models priced in the hundreds of thousands of RMB (such as Song Ultra EV and Sea Lion 06 EV).
Li Auto: Focuses on the 5C ultra-fast charging experience. The representative model, Li Auto MEGA, is equipped with a 5C Qilin battery, enabling a 500 km range with just 12 minutes of charging. The new-generation Li Auto L6 also supports 5C ultra-fast charging, taking only 12 minutes to charge from 20% to 80%.
Xiaomi Auto: The 2025 Xiaomi SU7 Ultra supports 5.2C ultra-fast charging, taking only about 12 minutes from 10% to 80%, replenishing about 620 km of range in 15 minutes, with a peak power exceeding 400 kW.
XPeng: The representative model XPeng GX supports 5C ultra-fast charging, taking only 11.7 minutes from 10% to 80%.
ZEEKR (Geely): The ZEEKR 007 supports 5.5C high-C-rate fast charging, completing the fast charge in about 10 minutes; the ZEEKR 8X is equipped with a 6C battery, taking only 9 minutes from 20% to 80%. The all-new version of the ZEEKR 001 also marks the first installation of the 5C version of the Shenxing battery.
Layout of High-C-Rate Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Models by Mainstream Automakers
Source: ZuoSi Auto Research "2026 China Charging Infrastructure (Ultra-Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Research Report"
Realizing ultra-fast charging for the entire vehicle requires a high-voltage vehicle architecture combined with ultra-fast charging piles with a power of over 600 kW to unleash its full potential. Automakers not only need to develop high-voltage architecture models and self-developed ultra-fast charging piles (such as BYD's single-gun 1500 kW flash charging pile), but also collaborate with pile manufacturers and the power grid to promote the construction of "integrated storage and charging" microgrids, in order to solve the problem of the instantaneous impact of high-power charging on the power grid.
Leading Automakers: Building Large-Scale Proprietary Ultra-Fast Charging Networks to Focus on Ultra-Fast Energy Replenishment Experience
Given the popularization of high-C-rate ultra-fast charging battery technology, the construction of ultra-fast charging stations by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) is moving from fighting alone to a new stage of ecological co-construction. Based on the classification of mainstream ultra-fast charging station solutions/configurations, the charging network construction of major automakers is divided into four lines:
① Automakers with self-developed and self-operated ultra-fast charging networks (ZEEKR, Li Auto, XPeng, Tesla);
② Huawei, which sells ultra-fast charging system solutions to operators/automakers (does not build national self-operated stations itself);
③ NIO, with a dual-track approach of battery swapping + ultra-fast charging;
④ BYD, with megawatt-level ultra-fast charging + hard-core energy storage technology.
According to official data from automakers, as of the end of June 2026, the number of self-operated ultra-fast charging stations by major domestic mainstream OEMs is as follows:
BYD Flash Charging Stations: 7,018. BYD's 2026 flash charging station construction plan mainly revolves around the "Flash Charging China" strategy, with the core goal of reaching a construction scale of 20,000 stations by the end of the year.
Li Auto Ultra-Fast Charging Stations: 4,092
XPeng Ultra-Fast Charging Stations: 2,650
Tesla China Supercharger Stations: 2,600
NIO Pure Ultra-Fast Charging Stations (excluding battery swap stations): 1,765. According to NIO's official plan released in 2026 and the latest construction progress, NIO's 2026 ultra-fast charging station construction plan closely revolves around the "comprehensive expansion of the charging and swapping network" and the "upgrade of the fifth-generation battery swap station".
ZEEKR Self-Operated Ultra-Fast Charging Stations: 1,236
Harmony Intelligent Mobility Huawei Ultra-Fast Charging Stations: 1,200
GAC Aion Ultra-Fast Charging Stations: 1,205. In 2026, GAC will sprint towards the goal of adding 10,000 charging piles, further consolidating its leading position in automaker-built ultra-fast charging networks.
Voyah Ultra-Fast Charging Stations: 104 (originally planned to build 200). The plan for 2026 is to build 1,000 stations (originally an aggressive plan).
Chery Automobile Xunlong Instant Charging Stations: Released in March 2026. Currently, Chery's Xunlong instant charging is still in the initial stage of network layout. The core task in 2026 is to complete the construction and business model verification of the first batch of 100 V2G demonstration stations in 10 cities, while the grand goal of 20,000 stations will be gradually completed before 2029.
Inventory and Planning of Self-Operated Ultra-Fast Charging Stations by Mainstream Domestic Automakers in 2026
Source: ZuoSi Auto Research "2026 China Charging Infrastructure (Ultra-Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Research Report"
For example: BYD's megawatt flash charging station, through the deep collaboration of vehicle-pile-storage-grid, plans to adopt a three-tier network architecture of flagship station + satellite station + community station for large-scale deployment, accelerating the construction of a nationwide, grid-friendly ultra-fast energy replenishment network. In 2025-2026, BYD's megawatt flash charging stations have achieved breakthroughs in first-generation/second-generation products:
First-generation 1 MW (1000 kW) Flash Charging 1.0 (2025 model): Total power of the whole machine is 1360 kW, single-gun peak is 1000 kW, single-gun current is 1000 A, replenishing about 400 km of range in 5 minutes; it can only support single-vehicle full-power flash charging, and dual-vehicle simultaneous charging will significantly divert power and reduce output.
Second-generation 2100 kW Flash Charging 2.0 (2026 new model): The main unit's rated maximum output is 2100 kW (2.1 MW), single-gun peak is 1500 kW, replenishing 480-500 km of range in 5 minutes, 10% to 97% full charge in only 9 minutes, approaching the speed of refueling; T-type dual-gun flexible power distribution:
Charging only one vehicle: Maxing out 1500 kW for ultra-fast flash charging;
Charging two vehicles simultaneously: Dual guns share 2100 kW, both vehicles can maintain high power without competing for electricity and reducing speed.
Heat dissipation and hardware iteration: Full liquid-cooled suspended sliding rail design, the charging gun weighs only 2 kg, easy to operate with one hand; SiC (Silicon Carbide) power module upgrade, stable output of 1000V/1500A, with minimal charging speed degradation in the extremely cold environment of -30°C.
Supporting energy storage system expansion: The second-generation pile comes standard with a large-capacity energy storage cabinet, featuring peak shaving and valley filling capabilities.
Megawatt Charging Station Mass Production is Here: Scaled Station Construction for Passenger Vehicle Megawatt Charging and Comprehensive Expansion of Commercial Vehicles to Trunk Logistics/Heavy Truck Scenarios
Megawatt-level ultra-fast charging technology (with power reaching 1000 kW and above) is becoming a key breakthrough in promoting the comprehensive electrification of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs). Megawatt charging generally adopts a full-domain 1000V and above high-voltage architecture, and some commercial vehicle solutions have been advanced to 1250V-1500V.
In the passenger vehicle field, megawatt-level ultra-fast charging is moving from a must-have for high-end models to universal popularization. Top three passenger vehicle megawatt piles: BYD (1.5 MW) > ZEEKR V4 (1.3 MW) > Huawei (1 MW passenger vehicle solution). All three adopt a full-domain 1000V/liquid-cooled/equipped with energy storage or power pool architecture; BYD has introduced megawatt charging to 110,000 RMB-level vehicles (Seal 06/Song Ultra), making it the most aggressive representative of the passenger vehicle megawatt charging route.
Compared to passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles (especially heavy trucks) have huge battery capacities and extremely high requirements for charging efficiency. Megawatt ultra-fast charging can compress the energy replenishment time for heavy trucks to within 15 minutes, completely opening up the commercial closed-loop of replacing oil with electricity for heavy trucks. China is the market with the fastest scaled commercialization: Huawei, BYD, ZEEKR, TELD, Yonglian Technology, State Grid, etc., have already started commercial operations on trunk lines/mining areas/ports, and the megawatt-level national standard is expected to be released within the year; North America is still in the stage of technical specifications and the first batch of corridor pilots, while Europe relies on Milence/AFIR to promote public MCS (Megawatt Charging System) corridors.
Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging VS Passenger Vehicle Megawatt Charging:
Similarities:
Both adopt 1000V and above high-voltage platforms + SiC (Silicon Carbide) power chips
Both require full-link liquid cooling heat dissipation (battery end + pile end + gun end)
Both need to solve the problem of grid impact (integrated storage and charging / PV-storage-charging microgrid)
Differences:
Battery capacity: The battery capacity of commercial vehicles is significantly higher than that of passenger vehicles, which is 3-4 times that of passenger vehicles;
Charging C-rate: The charging C-rate of commercial vehicle megawatt charging is lower than that of passenger vehicle megawatt charging, mainly because commercial vehicles have larger battery capacities and relatively lower C-rates;
Passenger and commercial vehicle megawatt charging belong to two completely independent standard systems, with incompatible interfaces and non-interoperable protocols;
Charging interface: Commercial vehicle megawatt charging uses the MCS-specific inverted triangle connector, while passenger vehicle megawatt charging uses the same charging interface as fast charging;
Grid connection: Commercial vehicle megawatt charging adopts medium voltage 10kV~110kV direct connection, and the grid connection voltage for passenger vehicles is lower than that for commercial vehicles;
Thermal management: The heat dissipation standard for commercial vehicle megawatt charging is higher, and traditional air cooling has reached its physical limit under a 3000A current.
Core Differences Between Commercial and Passenger Vehicle Megawatt Charging
Source: ZuoSi Auto Research "2026 China Charging Infrastructure (Ultra-Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Research Report"
The future development of megawatt charging will inevitably move towards the deep collaboration of "vehicle-station-grid":
Integration of PV, storage, and charging: Megawatt-level charging stations will be equipped with energy storage systems as standard, utilizing energy storage for peak shaving and valley filling to smooth the instantaneous impact of high-power charging on the main grid.
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): Building virtual power plants by aggregating massive battery resources of heavy trucks or passenger vehicles. For example, Tangshan has aggregated over 100,000 heavy truck instances to participate in grid regulation, charging during low-load periods, which not only guarantees energy replenishment needs but also assists in grid peak shaving and obtains financial compensation.
Standardization system construction: The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) has included commercial vehicle megawatt-level charging in key deployments, promoting the formation of a national recommended standard system covering charging interfaces, current guiding, cooling, and communication, to support the high-speed power replenishment needs of heavy trucks and other models.
The energy interaction system of the automobile ultra-fast charging system is evolving from one-way energy replenishment to a three-dimensional network of two-way interaction and multi-energy synergy, including (V2G scaling, grid-forming ultra-fast charging, integration of PV-storage-charging-swapping, deep vehicle-pile collaboration, etc.)
The energy interaction modes of the automobile ultra-fast charging system can be divided into four major categories according to the "interaction objects and energy flow direction", and divided into the physical layer, platform layer, and strategy layer according to the "functional hierarchy"; its core relationship is: V2X constitutes the underlying capability, microgrids and grid-forming ultra-fast charging provide the physical carrier, virtual power plants, orderly charging, and energy hosting realize platform aggregation, and autonomous driving autonomous scheduling represents the ultimate future form.
Automobile Ultra-Fast Charging System - Panoramic View of Energy Interaction Modes
Source: ZuoSi Auto Research "2026 China Charging Infrastructure (Ultra-Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Research Report"
01. Scaling of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Turning Automobiles into "Mobile Energy Storage Pools"
The positioning of NEVs is shifting from simple transportation tools to storage equipment for the new power system. Relying on V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid, bidirectional charging and discharging) technology, electric vehicles can achieve bidirectional energy flow of storing electricity during low-load periods and feeding electricity back during peak periods. The national "15th Five-Year Plan" has clearly proposed that by 2030, the aggregated adjustable charging scale of vehicle-grid interaction will reach about 50 million kW. By participating in peak shaving and valley filling, virtual power plants, and aggregated trading, massive NEVs will become flexible and dispatchable mobile energy storage resources for the power grid, realizing the deep integration of the transportation and energy systems.
China V2G Development Roadmap (2023-2035)
Source: ZuoSi Auto Research "2026 China Charging Infrastructure (Ultra-Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Research Report"
02. Grid-Forming Ultra-Fast Charging Technology, Building Nodes for the New Power System
Grid-forming ultra-fast charging is the latest direction in the evolution of ultra-fast charging technology. The core idea is to build an independent microgrid on the charging station side, so that the ultra-fast charging station no longer completely relies on the capacity and stability of the external grid, but independently establishes voltage and frequency through "grid-forming energy storage + integration of PV, storage, and charging", fundamentally solving the problem of the impact of high-power ultra-fast charging on the grid. Grid-forming ultra-fast charging technology is promoting the transformation of charging infrastructure from a single energy replenishment service to a comprehensive energy service provider through the triple value creation of cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and emission reduction.
Grid-forming ultra-fast charging represents a paradigm shift in ultra-fast charging infrastructure from "relying on the grid" to "building its own grid", and is a key technical path to resolve the contradiction between high-power charging and grid carrying capacity. Currently, grid-forming ultra-fast charging technology has entered the stage of scaled application and has become a key layout direction for leading enterprises in the industry.
PISEN Group (PISEN VAULT): In collaboration with the Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute of Beijing Institute of Technology, released the "PV-Storage Megawatt Ultra-Fast Charging · Green Power Direct Connection Technical Solution", and successfully landed the first grid-forming integrated PV-storage-charging-discharging demonstration station in Longgang District, Shenzhen;
Huawei Digital Power: Proposed the "Megawatt Ultra-Fast Charging + PV-Storage Grid-Forming" distributed microgrid solution, which has been deployed at scale on multiple high-speed logistics trunk lines and heavy truck operation areas in Shandong, Guangdong, etc., helping to reduce costs and carbon emissions in heavy truck electrification;
State Grid Jibei Electric Power: Put into operation the first city-level comprehensive ultra-fast charging port integrating PV, energy storage, ultra-fast charging, and V2G in the Jibei region in Zhangjiakou, creating a collaborative demonstration scenario of "vehicle-station-grid-energy";
Envision Group: Released the "AI Super Storage and Charging Network", achieving efficient collaboration between energy storage and charging through AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms and smart microgrid regulation, helping the grid solve the capillary problems on the distribution network side.
03. Integration of PV, Storage, Charging, and Swapping, Building a Microgrid Buffer Ecosystem
Given the implementation of ultra-high-power charging technologies such as megawatt-level flash charging, the carrying capacity pressure of the power grid has become the biggest bottleneck. The ultra-fast charging energy interaction system is accelerating its development towards the "integration of PV, storage, charging, and swapping". Stations will deeply integrate PV power generation and Energy Storage Systems (ESS), utilizing the energy storage system to store electricity during low-load periods and discharge during peak periods, smoothing the instantaneous impact of high-power charging on the main grid. At the same time, ultra-fast charging and battery swapping modes are moving towards scenario-based integration. Integrated ultra-fast charging and swapping stations significantly reduce energy conversion losses by sharing box-type transformers and charging modules, building a more efficient and more adaptable energy replenishment microgrid architecture.
Short-term: Industrial parks and port scenarios take the lead in scaling, and village and town micro-energy network pilots are accelerated;
Medium-term: Microgrid clusters are aggregated to "go online" through virtual power plants, participating in power market trading and grid ancillary services;
Long-term: Microgrids become the "standard units" of the new power system, forming a three-tier collaborative system of "main-distribution-micro" with the main grid, realizing precise energy production, efficient storage, and intelligent distribution.
Ultra-Fast Charging Station Microgrid - PV+Storage+DC+Flexibility (Photovoltaic + Energy Storage + Direct Current + Flexibility)
Source: ZuoSi Auto Research "2026 China Charging Infrastructure (Ultra-Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Research Report"
04. Autonomous Driving Autonomous Scheduling, Full-Link Intelligent Interaction
Autonomous driving autonomous scheduling is the ultimate evolutionary direction of vehicle-grid interaction. It fundamentally solves the scheduling willingness problem of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), transforming electric vehicles from passively dispatched distributed resources into autonomously participating mobile energy storage intelligent agents.
When the "mobility capability" of autonomous driving is deeply integrated with the "energy capability" of V2G, every electric vehicle will be a micro power plant that autonomously migrates, autonomously decides, and autonomously trades—this is not only a revolution in energy replenishment methods but also the ultimate form of the integration of the two major systems of transportation and energy.
Autonomous Driving Autonomous Scheduling - Technical Development Path of Autonomous Decision-Making Closed Loop
Source: ZuoSi Auto Research "2026 China Charging Infrastructure (Ultra-Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Ultra-Fast Charging Battery Research Report"
[Contact Information] Mobile number is the same as WeChat number
Industry Research Department | Mr. Fu 15810027571
Mr. Zhao 18702148304
Data Service Department | Ms. Zhang 13716037793
Strategic Consulting Department | Ms. Han 15810133447
Promotion and Communication Department | Ms. Liao 13718845418
Mr. Du 13910162318