【CW32模块使用】TCS34725颜色识别传感器

本模块是基于AMS的TCS3472XFN彩色光数字转换器为核心的颜色传感器，传感器提供红色，绿色，蓝色(RGB)和清晰光感应值的数字输出。集成红外阻挡滤光片可最大限度地减少入射光的红外光谱成分，并可精确地进行颜色测量。具有高灵敏度，宽动态范围和红外阻隔滤波器。最小化IR和UV光谱分量效应，以产生准确的颜色测量。并且带有环境光强检测和可屏蔽中断。通过12C接口通信。本设计基于同一个设计原理，提供2个不同造型设计(方形版本/双孔版本)，提供用户更多安装尺寸和环境的选择，其中双孔版本布局了2个LED灯对于物体进行补光。

一模块来源

模块实物展示：

资料下载链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z_5qOfe-YMbj0TYSbDD-sQ?pwd=6668

资料提取码：6668

二 规格参数

工作电压：3.3-5V

工作电流：2.5~330uA

输出方式: IIC

管脚数量：7 Pin

以上信息见厂家资料文件

三移植过程

我们的目标是将例程移植至CW32F030C8T6开发板上【能够识别颜色数据】。首先要获取资料，查看数据手册应如何实现读取数据，再移植至我们的工程。

3.1查看资料

I2C地址：

I2C 设备地址为 0X29

注意：0X29 这个设备地址是 7 位的，8 位设备地址需要向高位移一位变成0X52。

I2C写时序：

首先主机会发送一个开始信号，然后将其 I2C 的 7 位地址与写操作位组合成8位的数据发送给从机，从机接收到后会响应一个应答信号，主机此时将命令寄存器地址发送给从机，从机接收到发送响应信号，此时主机发送命令寄存的值，从机回应一个响应信号，直到主机发送一个停止信号，此次 IIC 写数据操作结束。

I2C读时序：

首先主机会发送一个开始信号，然后将其 I2C 的 7 位地址与写操作位组合成 8位的数据发送给从机，从机接收到后会响应一个应答信号，主机此时将命令寄存器地址发送给从机，从机接收到发送响应信号，此时主机重新发送一个开始信号，并且将其 7 位地址和读操作位组合成 8 位的数据发送给从机，从机接收到信号后发送响应信号，再将其寄存器中的值发送给主机，主机端给予响应信号，直到主机端发送停止信号，此次通信结束。

3.2引脚选择

模块接线图

3.3移植至工程

移植步骤中的导入.c和.h文件与【CW32模块使用】DHT11 温湿度传感器相同，只是将.c和.h文件更改为bsp_tcs34725.c与bsp_tcs34725.h。这里不再过多讲述，移植完成后面修改相关代码。

在文件bsp_tcs34725.c中，编写如下代码。

/* * Change Logs: * Date           Author       Notes * 2024-06-20     LCKFB-LP    first version */
#include "bsp_tcs34725.h"#include "stdio.h"#include "board.h"

COLOR_RGBC rgb;COLOR_HSL  hsl;

/****************************************************************** * 函 数 名 称：TC34725_GPIO_Init * 函 数 说 明：tc34725的引脚初始化 * 函 数 形 参：无 * 函 数 返 回：无 * 作       者：LC * 备       注：无******************************************************************/void TC34725_GPIO_Init(void){    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; // GPIO初始化结构体
    RCC_TCS34725_ENABLE();        // 使能GPIO时钟
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pins = GPIO_SDA|GPIO_SCL;   // GPIO引脚    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD; // 开漏输出    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_HIGH;    // 输出速度高    GPIO_Init(PORT_TCS34725, &GPIO_InitStruct);   // 初始化}

/****************************************************************** * 函 数 名 称：IIC_Start * 函 数 说 明：IIC起始时序 * 函 数 形 参：无 * 函 数 返 回：无 * 作       者：LC * 备       注：无******************************************************************/void IIC_Start(void){        SDA_OUT();
        SDA(1);        delay_us(5);        SCL(1);        delay_us(5);
        SDA(0);        delay_us(5);        SCL(0);        delay_us(5);
}/****************************************************************** * 函 数 名 称：IIC_Stop * 函 数 说 明：IIC停止信号 * 函 数 形 参：无 * 函 数 返 回：无 * 作       者：LC * 备       注：无******************************************************************/void IIC_Stop(void){        SDA_OUT();        SCL(0);        SDA(0);
        SCL(1);        delay_us(5);        SDA(1);        delay_us(5);
}
/****************************************************************** * 函 数 名 称：IIC_Send_Ack * 函 数 说 明：主机发送应答或者非应答信号 * 函 数 形 参：0发送应答  1发送非应答 * 函 数 返 回：无 * 作       者：LC * 备       注：无******************************************************************/void IIC_Send_Ack(unsigned char ack){        SDA_OUT();        SCL(0);        SDA(0);        delay_us(5);        if(!ack) SDA(0);        else         SDA(1);        SCL(1);        delay_us(5);        SCL(0);        SDA(1);}

/****************************************************************** * 函 数 名 称：I2C_WaitAck * 函 数 说 明：等待从机应答 * 函 数 形 参：无 * 函 数 返 回：0有应答  1超时无应答 * 作       者：LC * 备       注：无******************************************************************/unsigned char I2C_WaitAck(void){
        char ack = 0;        unsigned char ack_flag = 10;        SCL(0);        SDA(1);        SDA_IN();        delay_us(5);        SCL(1);    delay_us(5);
        while( (SDA_GET()==1) && ( ack_flag ) )        {                ack_flag--;                delay_us(5);        }
        if( ack_flag <= 0 )        {                IIC_Stop();                return 1;        }        else        {                SCL(0);                SDA_OUT();        }        return ack;}
/****************************************************************** * 函 数 名 称：Send_Byte * 函 数 说 明：写入一个字节 * 函 数 形 参：dat要写人的数据 * 函 数 返 回：无 * 作       者：LC * 备       注：无******************************************************************/void Send_Byte(uint8_t dat){        int i = 0;        SDA_OUT();        SCL(0);//拉低时钟开始数据传输
        for( i = 0; i < 8; i++ )        {                SDA( (dat & 0x80) >> 7 );                delay_us(1);                SCL(1);                delay_us(5);                SCL(0);                delay_us(5);                dat<<=1;        }}
/****************************************************************** * 函 数 名 称：Read_Byte * 函 数 说 明：IIC读时序 * 函 数 形 参：无 * 函 数 返 回：读到的数据 * 作       者：LC * 备       注：无******************************************************************/unsigned char Read_Byte(void){        unsigned char i,receive=0;        SDA_IN();//SDA设置为输入    for(i=0;i<8;i++ )        {        SCL(0);        delay_us(5);        SCL(1);        delay_us(5);        receive<<=1;        if( SDA_GET() )        {            receive|=1;        }        delay_us(5);    }        SCL(0);  return receive;}
/******************************************************************************* * @brief Writes data to a slave device. * * @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device. * @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data. * @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to write. * @param stopBit - Stop condition control. *                  Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent; *                           1 - A stop condition will be sent.*******************************************************************************/void TCS34725_I2C_Write(uint8_t slaveAddress, uint8_t* dataBuffer,uint8_t bytesNumber, uint8_t stopBit){        uint8_t i = 0;
        IIC_Start();        Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x00);           //发送从机地址写命令        I2C_WaitAck();        for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)        {                Send_Byte(*(dataBuffer + i));                I2C_WaitAck();        }        if(stopBit == 1) IIC_Stop();}/******************************************************************************* * @brief Reads data from a slave device. * * @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device. * @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data. * @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to read. * @param stopBit - Stop condition control. *                  Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent; *                           1 - A stop condition will be sent.*******************************************************************************/void TCS34725_I2C_Read(uint8_t slaveAddress, uint8_t* dataBuffer, uint8_t bytesNumber, uint8_t stopBit){        uint8_t i = 0;
        IIC_Start();        Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x01);           //发送从机地址读命令        I2C_WaitAck();        for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)        {                if(i == bytesNumber - 1)                {                        *(dataBuffer + i) = Read_Byte();//读取的最后一个字节发送NACK            IIC_Send_Ack(1);                }                else                {                        *(dataBuffer + i) = Read_Byte();            IIC_Send_Ack(0);                }        }        if(stopBit == 1) IIC_Stop();}/******************************************************************************* * @brief Writes data into TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected *        register address pointer. * * @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer. * @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data. * @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be sent. * * @return None.*******************************************************************************/void TCS34725_Write(uint8_t subAddr, uint8_t* dataBuffer, uint8_t bytesNumber){    uint8_t sendBuffer[10] = {0, };    uint8_t byte = 0;
    sendBuffer[0] = subAddr | TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;    for(byte = 1; byte <= bytesNumber; byte++)    {        sendBuffer[byte] = dataBuffer[byte - 1];    }        TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, sendBuffer, bytesNumber + 1, 1);}/******************************************************************************* * @brief Reads data from TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected *        register address pointer. * * @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer. * @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data. * @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be read. * * @return None.*******************************************************************************/void TCS34725_Read(uint8_t subAddr, uint8_t* dataBuffer, uint8_t bytesNumber){        subAddr |= TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;
        TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, (uint8_t*)&subAddr, 1, 0);        TCS34725_I2C_Read(TCS34725_ADDRESS, dataBuffer, bytesNumber, 1);}/******************************************************************************* * @brief TCS34725设置积分时间 * * @return None*******************************************************************************/void TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(uint8_t time){        TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ATIME, &time, 1);}/******************************************************************************* * @brief TCS34725设置增益 * * @return None*******************************************************************************/void TCS34725_SetGain(uint8_t gain){        TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_CONTROL, &gain, 1);}/******************************************************************************* * @brief TCS34725使能 * * @return None*******************************************************************************/void TCS34725_Enable(void){        uint8_t cmd = TCS34725_ENABLE_PON;
        TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);        cmd = TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN;        TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);        //delay_s(600000);//delay_ms(3);//延时应该放在设置AEN之后}/******************************************************************************* * @brief TCS34725失能 * * @return None*******************************************************************************/void TCS34725_Disable(void){        uint8_t cmd = 0;
        TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);        cmd = cmd & ~(TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN);        TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);}/******************************************************************************* * @brief TCS34725初始化 * * @return ID - ID寄存器中的值*******************************************************************************/uint8_t TCS34725_Init(void){        uint8_t id=0;
        TC34725_GPIO_Init();        TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ID, &id, 1);  //TCS34725 的 ID 是 0x44 可以根据这个来判断是否成功连接,0x4D是TCS34727;        if(id==0x4D | id==0x44)                {                        TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_24MS);                        TCS34725_SetGain(TCS34725_GAIN_1X);                        TCS34725_Enable();                        return 1;                }        return 0;}/******************************************************************************* * @brief TCS34725获取单个通道数据 * * @return data - 该通道的转换值*******************************************************************************/uint16_t TCS34725_GetChannelData(uint8_t reg){        uint8_t tmp[2] = {0,0};        uint16_t data;
        TCS34725_Read(reg, tmp, 2);        data = (tmp[1] << 8) | tmp[0];
        return data;}/******************************************************************************* * @brief TCS34725获取各个通道数据 * * @return 1 - 转换完成，数据可用 *              0 - 转换未完成，数据不可用*******************************************************************************/uint8_t TCS34725_GetRawData(COLOR_RGBC *rgbc){        uint8_t status = TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID;
        TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_STATUS, &status, 1);
        if(status & TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID)        {                rgbc->c = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_CDATAL);                rgbc->r = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_RDATAL);                rgbc->g = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_GDATAL);                rgbc->b = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_BDATAL);                return 1;        }        return 0;}/******************************************************************************///RGB转HSLvoid RGBtoHSL(COLOR_RGBC *Rgb, COLOR_HSL *Hsl){        uint8_t maxVal,minVal,difVal;        uint8_t r = Rgb->r*100/Rgb->c;   //[0-100]        uint8_t g = Rgb->g*100/Rgb->c;        uint8_t b = Rgb->b*100/Rgb->c;
        maxVal = max3v(r,g,b);        minVal = min3v(r,g,b);        difVal = maxVal-minVal;
        //计算亮度        Hsl->l = (maxVal+minVal)/2;   //[0-100]
        if(maxVal == minVal)//若r=g=b,灰度        {                Hsl->h = 0;                Hsl->s = 0;        }        else        {                //计算色调                if(maxVal==r)                {                        if(g>=b)                                Hsl->h = 60*(g-b)/difVal;                        else                                Hsl->h = 60*(g-b)/difVal+360;                }                else                        {                                if(maxVal==g)Hsl->h = 60*(b-r)/difVal+120;                                else                                        if(maxVal==b)Hsl->h = 60*(r-g)/difVal+240;                        }
                //计算饱和度                if(Hsl->l<=50)Hsl->s=difVal*100/(maxVal+minVal);  //[0-100]                else                        Hsl->s=difVal*100/(200-(maxVal+minVal));        }}/******************************************************************************/

在文件bsp_tcs34725.h中，编写如下代码。

/* * Change Logs: * Date           Author       Notes * 2024-06-20     LCKFB-LP    first version */
#ifndef _BSP_TCS34725_H_#define _BSP_TCS34725_H_
#include "board.h"
//端口移植#define RCC_TCS34725_ENABLE()   __RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE()#define PORT_TCS34725           CW_GPIOB
#define GPIO_SDA                GPIO_PIN_8#define GPIO_SCL                GPIO_PIN_9
//设置SDA输出模式#define SDA_OUT()   {                                GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;                                        GPIO_InitStruct.Pins = GPIO_SDA;                                         GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;                              GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_HIGH;                                 GPIO_Init(PORT_TCS34725, &GPIO_InitStruct);                           }//设置SDA输入模式#define SDA_IN()    {                                GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;                                       GPIO_InitStruct.Pins = GPIO_SDA;                                        GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;                                 GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_HIGH;                                GPIO_Init(PORT_TCS34725, &GPIO_InitStruct);                         }//获取SDA引脚的电平变化#define SDA_GET()       GPIO_ReadPin(PORT_TCS34725, GPIO_SDA)//SDA与SCL输出#define SDA(x)          GPIO_WritePin(PORT_TCS34725, GPIO_SDA, (x?GPIO_Pin_SET:GPIO_Pin_RESET) )#define SCL(x)          GPIO_WritePin(PORT_TCS34725, GPIO_SCL, (x?GPIO_Pin_SET:GPIO_Pin_RESET) )


/******************************************************************************/#define TCS34725_ADDRESS          (0x29)
#define TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT      (0x80)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE           (0x00)#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AIEN      (0x10)    /* RGBC Interrupt Enable */#define TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN       (0x08)    /* Wait enable - Writing 1 activates the wait timer */#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN       (0x02)    /* RGBC Enable - Writing 1 actives the ADC, 0 disables it */#define TCS34725_ENABLE_PON       (0x01)    /* Power on - Writing 1 activates the internal oscillator, 0 disables it */#define TCS34725_ATIME            (0x01)    /* Integration time */#define TCS34725_WTIME            (0x03)    /* Wait time (if TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN is asserted) */#define TCS34725_WTIME_2_4MS      (0xFF)    /* WLONG0 = 2.4ms   WLONG1 = 0.029s */#define TCS34725_WTIME_204MS      (0xAB)    /* WLONG0 = 204ms   WLONG1 = 2.45s  */#define TCS34725_WTIME_614MS      (0x00)    /* WLONG0 = 614ms   WLONG1 = 7.4s   */#define TCS34725_AILTL            (0x04)    /* Clear channel lower interrupt threshold */#define TCS34725_AILTH            (0x05)#define TCS34725_AIHTL            (0x06)    /* Clear channel upper interrupt threshold */#define TCS34725_AIHTH            (0x07)#define TCS34725_PERS             (0x0C)    /* Persistence register - basic SW filtering mechanism for interrupts */#define TCS34725_PERS_NONE        (0b0000)  /* Every RGBC cycle generates an interrupt                                */#define TCS34725_PERS_1_CYCLE     (0b0001)  /* 1 clean channel value outside threshold range generates an interrupt   */#define TCS34725_PERS_2_CYCLE     (0b0010)  /* 2 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  */#define TCS34725_PERS_3_CYCLE     (0b0011)  /* 3 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  */#define TCS34725_PERS_5_CYCLE     (0b0100)  /* 5 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  */#define TCS34725_PERS_10_CYCLE    (0b0101)  /* 10 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_15_CYCLE    (0b0110)  /* 15 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_20_CYCLE    (0b0111)  /* 20 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_25_CYCLE    (0b1000)  /* 25 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_30_CYCLE    (0b1001)  /* 30 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_35_CYCLE    (0b1010)  /* 35 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_40_CYCLE    (0b1011)  /* 40 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_45_CYCLE    (0b1100)  /* 45 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_50_CYCLE    (0b1101)  /* 50 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_55_CYCLE    (0b1110)  /* 55 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_PERS_60_CYCLE    (0b1111)  /* 60 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */#define TCS34725_CONFIG           (0x0D)#define TCS34725_CONFIG_WLONG     (0x02)    /* Choose between short and long (12x) wait times via TCS34725_WTIME */#define TCS34725_CONTROL          (0x0F)    /* Set the gain level for the sensor */#define TCS34725_ID               (0x12)    /* 0x44 = TCS34721/TCS34725, 0x4D = TCS34723/TCS34727 */#define TCS34725_STATUS           (0x13)#define TCS34725_STATUS_AINT      (0x10)    /* RGBC Clean channel interrupt */#define TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID    (0x01)    /* Indicates that the RGBC channels have completed an integration cycle */#define TCS34725_CDATAL           (0x14)    /* Clear channel data */#define TCS34725_CDATAH           (0x15)#define TCS34725_RDATAL           (0x16)    /* Red channel data */#define TCS34725_RDATAH           (0x17)#define TCS34725_GDATAL           (0x18)    /* Green channel data */#define TCS34725_GDATAH           (0x19)#define TCS34725_BDATAL           (0x1A)    /* Blue channel data */#define TCS34725_BDATAH           (0x1B)
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_2_4MS   0xFF   /**<  2.4ms - 1 cycle    - Max Count: 1024  */#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_24MS    0xF6   /**<  24ms  - 10 cycles  - Max Count: 10240 */#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_50MS    0xEB   /**<  50ms  - 20 cycles  - Max Count: 20480 */#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_101MS   0xD5   /**<  101ms - 42 cycles  - Max Count: 43008 */#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_154MS   0xC0   /**<  154ms - 64 cycles  - Max Count: 65535 */#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_240MS   0x9C   /**<  240ms - 100 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_700MS   0x00   /**<  700ms - 256 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_1X                 0x00   /**<  No gain  */#define TCS34725_GAIN_4X                 0x01   /**<  4x gain  */#define TCS34725_GAIN_16X                0x02   /**<  16x gain */#define TCS34725_GAIN_60X                0x03   /**<  60x gain *//******************************************************************************/
/******************************************************************************/#define max3v(v1, v2, v3)   ((v1)<(v2)? ((v2)<(v3)?(v3):(v2)):((v1)<(v3)?(v3):(v1)))#define min3v(v1, v2, v3)   ((v1)>(v2)? ((v2)>(v3)?(v3):(v2)):((v1)>(v3)?(v3):(v1)))
typedef struct{        unsigned short  c;      //[0-65536]        unsigned short  r;        unsigned short  g;        unsigned short  b;}COLOR_RGBC;//RGBC
typedef struct{        unsigned short h;       //[0,360]        unsigned char  s;       //[0,100]        unsigned char  l;       //[0,100]}COLOR_HSL;//HSL
/******************************************************************************/
extern COLOR_RGBC rgb;extern COLOR_HSL  hsl;



uint8_t TCS34725_Init(void);uint8_t TCS34725_GetRawData(COLOR_RGBC *rgbc);void RGBtoHSL(COLOR_RGBC *Rgb, COLOR_HSL *Hsl);#endif

四移植验证

在自己工程中的main主函数中，编写如下。

/* * Change Logs: * Date           Author       Notes * 2024-06-20     LCKFB-LP    first version */#include "board.h"#include "stdio.h"#include "bsp_uart.h"#include "bsp_tcs34725.h"
int32_t main(void){    board_init();        // 开发板初始化
    uart1_init(115200);        // 串口1波特率115200
    TCS34725_Init();    printf("startrn");    delay_ms(1000);    while(1)    {        TCS34725_GetRawData(&rgb);  //读两次，实际测试时发现读到的颜色总是上一次的颜色        RGBtoHSL(&rgb,&hsl);        printf("R=%d G=%d B=%d C=%drn",rgb.r,rgb.g,rgb.b,rgb.c);        printf("H=%d S=%d L=%drn",hsl.h,hsl.s,hsl.l);
        printf("n");        delay_ms(1000);    }}