芯耀
与非AI
231
一、前言
在现代的多媒体处理中，视频和音频滤镜起着至关重要的作用。可以帮助开发者对视频和音频进行各种处理，如色彩校正、尺寸调整、去噪、特效添加等。而FFmpeg作为一个功能强大的开源多媒体框架，提供了丰富的滤镜库，使我们能够轻松地对多媒体文件进行处理和转换。
本文将介绍FFmpeg滤镜的使用，帮助大家了解如何利用这些滤镜来实现各种多媒体处理任务。将探索不同类型的滤镜，包括视频滤镜和音频滤镜，并深入了解它们的功能和用法。
二、查询支持的滤镜
FFmpeg支持许多滤镜，用于视频和音频处理。可以使用以下命令来查看FFmpeg所支持的滤镜列表：
ffmpeg -filters运行上述命令后，将输出FFmpeg支持的所有滤镜的列表，包括视频滤镜、音频滤镜和多媒体滤镜。每个滤镜都有一个唯一的名称，可以在代码中使用这些名称来调用相应的滤镜。
也可以使用以下命令来查看特定滤镜的详细信息，包括滤镜的选项和用法：
ffmpeg -h filter=<filter_name>将<filter_name>替换为要查询的滤镜名称。运行上述命令后，将输出有关该滤镜的详细信息，包括滤镜的选项、语法和示例用法。
C:Users11266>ffmpeg -filters
ffmpeg version 4.2.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 9.2.1 (GCC) 20200122
configuration: --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt
libavutil 56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
libavcodec 58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
libavformat 58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
libavdevice 58. 8.100 / 58. 8.100
libavfilter 7. 57.100 / 7. 57.100
libswscale 5. 5.100 / 5. 5.100
libswresample 3. 5.100 / 3. 5.100
libpostproc 55. 5.100 / 55. 5.100
Filters:
T.. = Timeline support
.S. = Slice threading
..C = Command support
A = Audio input/output
V = Video input/output
N = Dynamic number and/or type of input/output
| = Source or sink filter
... abench A->A Benchmark part of a filtergraph.
... acompressor A->A Audio compressor.
... acontrast A->A Simple audio dynamic range compression/expansion filter.
... acopy A->A Copy the input audio unchanged to the output.
... acue A->A Delay filtering to match a cue.
... acrossfade AA->A Cross fade two input audio streams.
... acrossover A->N Split audio into per-bands streams.
... acrusher A->A Reduce audio bit resolution.
.S. adeclick A->A Remove impulsive noise from input audio.
.S. adeclip A->A Remove clipping from input audio.
T.. adelay A->A Delay one or more audio channels.
... aderivative A->A Compute derivative of input audio.
... aecho A->A Add echoing to the audio.
... aemphasis A->A Audio emphasis.
... aeval A->A Filter audio signal according to a specified expression.
T.. afade A->A Fade in/out input audio.
TSC afftdn A->A Denoise audio samples using FFT.
... afftfilt A->A Apply arbitrary expressions to samples in frequency domain.
.S. afir AA->N Apply Finite Impulse Response filter with supplied coefficients in 2nd stream.
... aformat A->A Convert the input audio to one of the specified formats.
... agate A->A Audio gate.
.S. aiir A->N Apply Infinite Impulse Response filter with supplied coefficients.
... aintegral A->A Compute integral of input audio.
... ainterleave N->A Temporally interleave audio inputs.
... alimiter A->A Audio lookahead limiter.
TSC allpass A->A Apply a two-pole all-pass filter.
... aloop A->A Loop audio samples.
... amerge N->A Merge two or more audio streams into a single multi-channel stream.
T.. ametadata A->A Manipulate audio frame metadata.
... amix N->A Audio mixing.
... amultiply AA->A Multiply two audio streams.
..C anequalizer A->N Apply high-order audio parametric multi band equalizer.
TSC anlmdn A->A Reduce broadband noise from stream using Non-Local Means.
... anull A->A Pass the source unchanged to the output.
T.. apad A->A Pad audio with silence.
... aperms A->A Set permissions for the output audio frame.
... aphaser A->A Add a phasing effect to the audio.
... apulsator A->A Audio pulsator.
... arealtime A->A Slow down filtering to match realtime.
... aresample A->A Resample audio data.
... areverse A->A Reverse an audio clip.
... aselect A->N Select audio frames to pass in output.
... asendcmd A->A Send commands to filters.
... asetnsamples A->A Set the number of samples for each output audio frames.
... asetpts A->A Set PTS for the output audio frame.
... asetrate A->A Change the sample rate without altering the data.
... asettb A->A Set timebase for the audio output link.
... ashowinfo A->A Show textual information for each audio frame.
T.. asidedata A->A Manipulate audio frame side data.
T.. asoftclip A->A Audio Soft Clipper.
... asplit A->N Pass on the audio input to N audio outputs.
... astats A->A Show time domain statistics about audio frames.
..C astreamselect N->N Select audio streams
..C atempo A->A Adjust audio tempo.
... atrim A->A Pick one continuous section from the input, drop the rest.
TSC bandpass A->A Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-pass filter.
TSC bandreject A->A Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-reject filter.
TSC bass A->A Boost or cut lower frequencies.
TSC biquad A->A Apply a biquad IIR filter with the given coefficients.
... channelmap A->A Remap audio channels.
... channelsplit A->N Split audio into per-channel streams.
... chorus A->A Add a chorus effect to the audio.
... compand A->A Compress or expand audio dynamic range.
... compensationdelay A->A Audio Compensation Delay Line.
T.. crossfeed A->A Apply headphone crossfeed filter.
... crystalizer A->A Simple expand audio dynamic range filter.
T.. dcshift A->A Apply a DC shift to the audio.
T.. deesser A->A Apply de-essing to the audio.
... drmeter A->A Measure audio dynamic range.
T.. dynaudnorm A->A Dynamic Audio Normalizer.
... earwax A->A Widen the stereo image.
... ebur128 A->N EBU R128 scanner.
TSC equalizer A->A Apply two-pole peaking equalization (EQ) filter.
T.. extrastereo A->A Increase difference between stereo audio channels.
..C firequalizer A->A Finite Impulse Response Equalizer.
... flanger A->A Apply a flanging effect to the audio.
... haas A->A Apply Haas Stereo Enhancer.
... hdcd A->A Apply High Definition Compatible Digital (HDCD) decoding.
.S. headphone N->A Apply headphone binaural spatialization with HRTFs in additional streams.
TSC highpass A->A Apply a high-pass filter with 3dB point frequency.
TSC highshelf A->A Apply a high shelf filter.
... join N->A Join multiple audio streams into multi-channel output.
... loudnorm A->A EBU R128 loudness normalization
TSC lowpass A->A Apply a low-pass filter with 3dB point frequency.
TSC lowshelf A->A Apply a low shelf filter.
... mcompand A->A Multiband Compress or expand audio dynamic range.
... pan A->A Remix channels with coefficients (panning).
... replaygain A->A ReplayGain scanner.
... sidechaincompress AA->A Sidechain compressor.
... sidechaingate AA->A Audio sidechain gate.
... silencedetect A->A Detect silence.
... silenceremove A->A Remove silence.
.S. sofalizer A->A SOFAlizer (Spatially Oriented Format for Acoustics).
... stereotools A->A Apply various stereo tools.
T.. stereowiden A->A Apply stereo widening effect.
... superequalizer A->A Apply 18 band equalization filter.
.S. surround A->A Apply audio surround upmix filter.
TSC treble A->A Boost or cut upper frequencies.
... tremolo A->A Apply tremolo effect.
... vibrato A->A Apply vibrato effect.
T.C volume A->A Change input volume.
... volumedetect A->A Detect audio volume.
... aevalsrc |->A Generate an audio signal generated by an expression.
... anoisesrc |->A Generate a noise audio signal.
... anullsrc |->A Null audio source, return empty audio frames.
... hilbert |->A Generate a Hilbert transform FIR coefficients.
... sinc |->A Generate a sinc kaiser-windowed low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, or band-reject FIR coefficients.
... sine |->A Generate sine wave audio signal.
... anullsink A->| Do absolutely nothing with the input audio.
... alphaextract V->N Extract an alpha channel as a grayscale image component.
... alphamerge VV->V Copy the luma value of the second input into the alpha channel of the first input.
.S. amplify V->V Amplify changes between successive video frames.
... ass V->V Render ASS subtitles onto input video using the libass library.
TS. atadenoise V->V Apply an Adaptive Temporal Averaging Denoiser.
TS. avgblur V->V Apply Average Blur filter.
T.. bbox V->V Compute bounding box for each frame.
... bench V->V Benchmark part of a filtergraph.
T.. bitplanenoise V->V Measure bit plane noise.
... blackdetect V->V Detect video intervals that are (almost) black.
... blackframe V->V Detect frames that are (almost) black.
TS. blend VV->V Blend two video frames into each other.
TS. bm3d N->V Block-Matching 3D denoiser.
T.. boxblur V->V Blur the input.
TS. bwdif V->V Deinterlace the input image.
TS. chromahold V->V Turns a certain color range into gray.
TS. chromakey V->V Turns a certain color into transparency. Operates on YUV colors.
TS. chromashift V->V Shift chroma.
... ciescope V->V Video CIE scope.
T.. codecview V->V Visualize information about some codecs.
TS. colorbalance V->V Adjust the color balance.
TS. colorchannelmixer V->V Adjust colors by mixing color channels.
TS. colorkey V->V Turns a certain color into transparency. Operates on RGB colors.
TS. colorhold V->V Turns a certain color range into gray. Operates on RGB colors.
TS. colorlevels V->V Adjust the color levels.
TS. colormatrix V->V Convert color matrix.
TS. colorspace V->V Convert between colorspaces.
TS. convolution V->V Apply convolution filter.
TS. convolve VV->V Convolve first video stream with second video stream.
... copy V->V Copy the input video unchanged to the output.
... cover_rect V->V Find and cover a user specified object.
..C crop V->V Crop the input video.
T.. cropdetect V->V Auto-detect crop size.
... cue V->V Delay filtering to match a cue.
TS. curves V->V Adjust components curves.
.S. datascope V->V Video data analysis.
TS. dctdnoiz V->V Denoise frames using 2D DCT.
TS. deband V->V Debands video.
T.. deblock V->V Deblock video.
... decimate N->V Decimate frames (post field matching filter).
TS. deconvolve VV->V Deconvolve first video stream with second video stream.
TS. dedot V->V Reduce cross-luminance and cross-color.
TS. deflate V->V Apply deflate effect.
... deflicker V->V Remove temporal frame luminance variations.
... deinterlace_qsv V->V QuickSync video deinterlacing
... dejudder V->V Remove judder produced by pullup.
T.. delogo V->V Remove logo from input video.
T.. derain V->V Apply derain filter to the input.
... deshake V->V Stabilize shaky video.
TS. despill V->V Despill video.
... detelecine V->V Apply an inverse telecine pattern.
TS. dilation V->V Apply dilation effect.
T.. displace VVV->V Displace pixels.
... doubleweave V->V Weave input video fields into double number of frames.
T.. drawbox V->V Draw a colored box on the input video.
... drawgraph V->V Draw a graph using input video metadata.
T.. drawgrid V->V Draw a colored grid on the input video.
T.C drawtext V->V Draw text on top of video frames using libfreetype library.
T.. edgedetect V->V Detect and draw edge.
... elbg V->V Apply posterize effect, using the ELBG algorithm.
T.. entropy V->V Measure video frames entropy.
T.C eq V->V Adjust brightness, contrast, gamma, and saturation.
TS. erosion V->V Apply erosion effect.
... extractplanes V->N Extract planes as grayscale frames.
.S. fade V->V Fade in/out input video.
T.. fftdnoiz V->V Denoise frames using 3D FFT.
T.. fftfilt V->V Apply arbitrary expressions to pixels in frequency domain.
... field V->V Extract a field from the input video.
... fieldhint V->V Field matching using hints.
... fieldmatch N->V Field matching for inverse telecine.
T.. fieldorder V->V Set the field order.
T.. fillborders V->V Fill borders of the input video.
... find_rect V->V Find a user specified object.
T.. floodfill V->V Fill area with same color with another color.
... format V->V Convert the input video to one of the specified pixel formats.
... fps V->V Force constant framerate.
... framepack VV->V Generate a frame packed stereoscopic video.
.S. framerate V->V Upsamples or downsamples progressive source between specified frame rates.
T.. framestep V->V Select one frame every N frames.
... freezedetect V->V Detects frozen video input.
T.. fspp V->V Apply Fast Simple Post-processing filter.
TS. gblur V->V Apply Gaussian Blur filter.
TS. geq V->V Apply generic equation to each pixel.
T.. gradfun V->V Debands video quickly using gradients.
... graphmonitor V->V Show various filtergraph stats.
TS. greyedge V->V Estimates scene illumination by grey edge assumption.
TS. haldclut VV->V Adjust colors using a Hald CLUT.
TS. hflip V->V Horizontally flip the input video.
T.. histeq V->V Apply global color histogram equalization.
... histogram V->V Compute and draw a histogram.
T.. hqdn3d V->V Apply a High Quality 3D Denoiser.
.S. hqx V->V Scale the input by 2, 3 or 4 using the hq*x magnification algorithm.
... hstack N->V Stack video inputs horizontally.
T.C hue V->V Adjust the hue and saturation of the input video.
... hwdownload V->V Download a hardware frame to a normal frame
... hwmap V->V Map hardware frames
... hwupload V->V Upload a normal frame to a hardware frame
... hwupload_cuda V->V Upload a system memory frame to a CUDA device.
T.. hysteresis VV->V Grow first stream into second stream by connecting components.
... idet V->V Interlace detect Filter.
T.. il V->V Deinterleave or interleave fields.
TS. inflate V->V Apply inflate effect.
... interlace V->V Convert progressive video into interlaced.
... interleave N->V Temporally interleave video inputs.
... kerndeint V->V Apply kernel deinterlacing to the input.
.S. lagfun V->V Slowly update darker pixels.
.S. lenscorrection V->V Rectify the image by correcting for lens distortion.
TS. limiter V->V Limit pixels components to the specified range.
... loop V->V Loop video frames.
TS. lumakey V->V Turns a certain luma into transparency.
TS. lut V->V Compute and apply a lookup table to the RGB/YUV input video.
TS. lut1d V->V Adjust colors using a 1D LUT.
TS. lut2 VV->V Compute and apply a lookup table from two video inputs.
TS. lut3d V->V Adjust colors using a 3D LUT.
TS. lutrgb V->V Compute and apply a lookup table to the RGB input video.
TS. lutyuv V->V Compute and apply a lookup table to the YUV input video.
TS. maskedclamp VVV->V Clamp first stream with second stream and third stream.
TS. maskedmerge VVV->V Merge first stream with second stream using third stream as mask.
TS. maskfun V->V Create Mask.
... mcdeint V->V Apply motion compensating deinterlacing.
... mergeplanes N->V Merge planes.
... mestimate V->V Generate motion vectors.
T.. metadata V->V Manipulate video frame metadata.
T.. midequalizer VV->V Apply Midway Equalization.
... minterpolate V->V Frame rate conversion using Motion Interpolation.
.S. mix N->V Mix video inputs.
... mpdecimate V->V Remove near-duplicate frames.
TS. negate V->V Negate input video.
TS. nlmeans V->V Non-local means denoiser.
T.. nnedi V->V Apply neural network edge directed interpolation intra-only deinterlacer.
... noformat V->V Force libavfilter not to use any of the specified pixel formats for the input to the next filter.
TS. noise V->V Add noise.
T.. normalize V->V Normalize RGB video.
... null V->V Pass the source unchanged to the output.
T.. oscilloscope V->V 2D Video Oscilloscope.
TSC overlay VV->V Overlay a video source on top of the input.
... overlay_qsv VV->V Quick Sync Video overlay.
T.. owdenoise V->V Denoise using wavelets.
... pad V->V Pad the input video.
... palettegen V->V Find the optimal palette for a given stream.
... paletteuse VV->V Use a palette to downsample an input video stream.
... perms V->V Set permissions for the output video frame.
TS. perspective V->V Correct the perspective of video.
T.. phase V->V Phase shift fields.
... pixdesctest V->V Test pixel format definitions.
T.. pixscope V->V Pixel data analysis.
T.C pp V->V Filter video using libpostproc.
T.. pp7 V->V Apply Postprocessing 7 filter.
TS. premultiply N->V PreMultiply first stream with first plane of second stream.
TS. prewitt V->V Apply prewitt operator.
T.. pseudocolor V->V Make pseudocolored video frames.
... psnr VV->V Calculate the PSNR between two video streams.
... pullup V->V Pullup from field sequence to frames.
T.. qp V->V Change video quantization parameters.
... random V->V Return random frames.
T.. readeia608 V->V Read EIA-608 Closed Caption codes from input video and write them to frame metadata.
... readvitc V->V Read vertical interval timecode and write it to frame metadata.
... realtime V->V Slow down filtering to match realtime.
TS. remap VVV->V Remap pixels.
TS. removegrain V->V Remove grain.
T.. removelogo V->V Remove a TV logo based on a mask image.
... repeatfields V->V Hard repeat fields based on MPEG repeat field flag.
... reverse V->V Reverse a clip.
TS. rgbashift V->V Shift RGBA.
TS. roberts V->V Apply roberts cross operator.
TSC rotate V->V Rotate the input image.
T.. sab V->V Apply shape adaptive blur.
..C scale V->V Scale the input video size and/or convert the image format.
... scale_qsv V->V QuickSync video scaling and format conversion
..C scale2ref VV->VV Scale the input video size and/or convert the image format to the given reference.
... select V->N Select video frames to pass in output.
TS. selectivecolor V->V Apply CMYK adjustments to specific color ranges.
... sendcmd V->V Send commands to filters.
... separatefields V->V Split input video frames into fields.
... setdar V->V Set the frame display aspect ratio.
... setfield V->V Force field for the output video frame.
... setparams V->V Force field, or color property for the output video frame.
... setpts V->V Set PTS for the output video frame.
... setrange V->V Force color range for the output video frame.
... setsar V->V Set the pixel sample aspect ratio.
... settb V->V Set timebase for the video output link.
... showinfo V->V Show textual information for each video frame.
T.. showpalette V->V Display frame palette.
T.. shuffleframes V->V Shuffle video frames.
T.. shuffleplanes V->V Shuffle video planes.
T.. sidedata V->V Manipulate video frame side data.
.S. signalstats V->V Generate statistics from video analysis.
... signature N->V Calculate the MPEG-7 video signature
T.. smartblur V->V Blur the input video without impacting the outlines.
TS. sobel V->V Apply sobel operator.
... split V->N Pass on the input to N video outputs.
T.C spp V->V Apply a simple post processing filter.
T.. sr V->V Apply DNN-based image super resolution to the input.
... ssim VV->V Calculate the SSIM between two video streams.
.S. stereo3d V->V Convert video stereoscopic 3D view.
..C streamselect N->N Select video streams
... subtitles V->V Render text subtitles onto input video using the libass library.
... super2xsai V->V Scale the input by 2x using the Super2xSaI pixel art algorithm.
T.. swaprect V->V Swap 2 rectangular objects in video.
T.. swapuv V->V Swap U and V components.
TS. tblend V->V Blend successive frames.
... telecine V->V Apply a telecine pattern.
TS. threshold VVVV->V Threshold first video stream using other video streams.
... thumbnail V->V Select the most representative frame in a given sequence of consecutive frames.
... tile V->V Tile several successive frames together.
... tinterlace V->V Perform temporal field interlacing.
TS. tlut2 V->V Compute and apply a lookup table from two successive frames.
TS. tmix V->V Mix successive video frames.
.S. tonemap V->V Conversion to/from different dynamic ranges.
... tpad V->V Temporarily pad video frames.
.S. transpose V->V Transpose input video.
... trim V->V Pick one continuous section from the input, drop the rest.
TS. unpremultiply N->V UnPreMultiply first stream with first plane of second stream.
TS. unsharp V->V Sharpen or blur the input video.
T.. uspp V->V Apply Ultra Simple / Slow Post-processing filter.
T.. vaguedenoiser V->V Apply a Wavelet based Denoiser.
... vectorscope V->V Video vectorscope.
T.. vflip V->V Flip the input video vertically.
... vfrdet V->V Variable frame rate detect filter.
TS. vibrance V->V Boost or alter saturation.
... vidstabdetect V->V Extract relative transformations, pass 1 of 2 for stabilization (see vidstabtransform for pass 2).
... vidstabtransform V->V Transform the frames, pass 2 of 2 for stabilization (see vidstabdetect for pass 1).
T.. vignette V->V Make or reverse a vignette effect.
... vmafmotion V->V Calculate the VMAF Motion score.
... vpp_qsv V->V Quick Sync Video VPP.
... vstack N->V Stack video inputs vertically.
TS. w3fdif V->V Apply Martin Weston three field deinterlace.
.S. waveform V->V Video waveform monitor.
... weave V->V Weave input video fields into frames.
.S. xbr V->V Scale the input using xBR algorithm.
.S. xmedian N->V Pick median pixels from several video inputs.
... xstack N->V Stack video inputs into custom layout.
TS. yadif V->V Deinterlace the input image.
... zoompan V->V Apply Zoom & Pan effect.
..C zscale V->V Apply resizing, colorspace and bit depth conversion.
... allrgb |->V Generate all RGB colors.
... allyuv |->V Generate all yuv colors.
... cellauto |->V Create pattern generated by an elementary cellular automaton.
..C color |->V Provide an uniformly colored input.
... haldclutsrc |->V Provide an identity Hald CLUT.
... life |->V Create life.
... mandelbrot |->V Render a Mandelbrot fractal.
... mptestsrc |->V Generate various test pattern.
... nullsrc |->V Null video source, return unprocessed video frames.
... pal75bars |->V Generate PAL 75% color bars.
... pal100bars |->V Generate PAL 100% color bars.
... rgbtestsrc |->V Generate RGB test pattern.
... smptebars |->V Generate SMPTE color bars.
... smptehdbars |->V Generate SMPTE HD color bars.
... testsrc |->V Generate test pattern.
... testsrc2 |->V Generate another test pattern.
... yuvtestsrc |->V Generate YUV test pattern.
... nullsink V->| Do absolutely nothing with the input video.
... abitscope A->V Convert input audio to audio bit scope video output.
... adrawgraph A->V Draw a graph using input audio metadata.
... agraphmonitor A->V Show various filtergraph stats.
... ahistogram A->V Convert input audio to histogram video output.
... aphasemeter A->N Convert input audio to phase meter video output.
... avectorscope A->V Convert input audio to vectorscope video output.
..C concat N->N Concatenate audio and video streams.
... showcqt A->V Convert input audio to a CQT (Constant/Clamped Q Transform) spectrum video output.
... showfreqs A->V Convert input audio to a frequencies video output.
.S. showspatial A->V Convert input audio to a spatial video output.
.S. showspectrum A->V Convert input audio to a spectrum video output.
.S. showspectrumpic A->V Convert input audio to a spectrum video output single picture.
... showvolume A->V Convert input audio volume to video output.
... showwaves A->V Convert input audio to a video output.
... showwavespic A->V Convert input audio to a video output single picture.
... spectrumsynth VV->A Convert input spectrum videos to audio output.
..C amovie |->N Read audio from a movie source.
..C movie |->N Read from a movie source.
... afifo A->A Buffer input frames and send them when they are requested.
... fifo V->V Buffer input images and send them when they are requested.
... abuffer |->A Buffer audio frames, and make them accessible to the filterchain.
... buffer |->V Buffer video frames, and make them accessible to the filterchain.
... abuffersink A->| Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the end of the filter graph.
... buffersink V->| Buffer video frames, and make them available to the end of the filter graph.三、滤镜的官方介绍文档
文档地址：https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-all.html#Video-Filters
四、ffmpeg使用滤镜（代码调用API实现）
下面代码演示如何使用FFmpeg的API进行视频界面渲染并应用滤镜：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavfilter/avfilter.h>
#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>
#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>
int main() {
// 注册所有的FFmpeg组件
av_register_all();
avfilter_register_all();
// 打开输入文件
AVFormatContext* formatContext = NULL;
if (avformat_open_input(&formatContext, "input.mp4", NULL, NULL) != 0) {
printf("无法打开输入文件n");
return -1;
}
// 获取视频流信息
if (avformat_find_stream_info(formatContext, NULL) < 0) {
printf("无法获取流信息n");
return -1;
}
// 寻找视频流索引
int videoStreamIndex = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < formatContext->nb_streams; i++) {
if (formatContext->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
videoStreamIndex = i;
break;
}
}
if (videoStreamIndex == -1) {
printf("找不到视频流n");
return -1;
}
// 获取视频流解码器参数
AVCodecParameters* codecParameters = formatContext->streams[videoStreamIndex]->codecpar;
// 打开视频解码器
AVCodec* codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codecParameters->codec_id);
if (codec == NULL) {
printf("无法找到解码器n");
return -1;
}
AVCodecContext* codecContext = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
if (avcodec_parameters_to_context(codecContext, codecParameters) != 0) {
printf("无法初始化解码器上下文n");
return -1;
}
if (avcodec_open2(codecContext, codec, NULL) < 0) {
printf("无法打开解码器n");
return -1;
}
// 创建滤镜图表
AVFilterGraph* filterGraph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
AVFilterContext* buffersrcContext = NULL;
AVFilterContext* buffersinkContext = NULL;
// 创建输入滤镜
AVFilter* buffersrc = avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");
AVFilterInOut* inputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
AVBufferSinkParams* buffersinkParams = av_buffersink_params_alloc();
avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersrcContext, buffersrc, "in", NULL, NULL, filterGraph);
av_opt_set_bin(buffersrcContext, "video_size", codecParameters->extradata, codecParameters->extradata_size, AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
av_opt_set_bin(buffersrcContext, "pix_fmt", (uint8_t*)&codecParameters->format, sizeof(codecParameters->format), AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
// 创建输出滤镜
AVFilter* buffersink = avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink");
avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersinkContext, buffersink, "out", NULL, NULL, filterGraph);
av_opt_set_bin(buffersinkContext, "pix_fmts", (uint8_t*)&codecParameters->format, sizeof(codecParameters->format), AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
// 链接滤镜
inputs->name = av_strdup("out");
inputs->filter_ctx = buffersrcContext;
inputs->pad_idx = 0;
inputs->next = NULL;
AVFilterInOut* outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
outputs->name = av_strdup("in");
outputs->filter_ctx = buffersinkContext;
outputs->pad_idx = 0;
outputs->next = NULL;
if (avfilter_graph_parse_ptr(filterGraph, "null", &inputs, &outputs, NULL) < 0) {
printf("无法解析滤镜图表n");
return -1;
}
if (avfilter_graph_config(filterGraph, NULL) < 0) {
printf("无法配置滤镜图表n");
return -1;
}
// 解码并处理视频帧
AVPacket packet;
AVFrame* frame = av_frame_alloc();
while (av_read_frame(formatContext, &packet) >= 0) {
if (packet.stream_index == videoStreamIndex) {
if (avcodec_send_packet(codecContext, &packet) < 0) {
printf("无法发送解码数据n");
break;
}
while (avcodec_receive_frame(codecContext, frame) == 0) {
// 应用滤镜
if (av_buffersrc_add_frame_flags(buffersrcContext, frame, AV_BUFFERSRC_FLAG_KEEP_REF) < 0) {
printf("无法添加帧到输入滤镜n");
break;
}
while (av_buffersink_get_frame(buffersinkContext, frame) >= 0) {
// 处理滤镜输出的帧数据
// 在这里可以进行渲染或其他处理操作
}
}
}
av_packet_unref(&packet);
}
// 清理资源
av_frame_free(&frame);
avcodec_free_context(&codecContext);
avformat_close_input(&formatContext);
avfilter_graph_free(&filterGraph);
avfilter_inout_free(&inputs);
avfilter_inout_free(&outputs);
return 0;
}
五、下载最新ffmpeg
官网：https://ffmpeg.org/download.html#build-windows
可以直接下载源码。
如果要下载构建好的库文件和可执行文件直接使用，可以点击这里。（我这里以Windows系统为例）
下载地址：https://github.com/BtbN/FFmpeg-Builds/releases
一个是静态文件（适合直接使用ffmpeg的3个工具），一个动态库+可执行文件（比较适合二次开发，包含了头文件、库文件）。
六、ffplay.exe使用滤镜
6.1 使用滤镜的语法
要在使用ffplay.exe播放视频时添加滤镜参数，可以使用以下命令行格式：
ffplay -vf <filter_name> <input_file>将<filter_name>替换为要使用的滤镜名称，将<input_file>替换为要播放的视频文件路径。
例如，如果要使用黑白滤镜（hue=s=0）播放名为input.mp4的视频文件，可以运行以下命令：
ffplay -vf "hue=s=0" input.mp4这将在ffplay中应用黑白滤镜并播放视频。
注意：滤镜参数需要放在双引号内，以便正确解析滤镜选项。
6.2 黑白滤镜
【1】未使用滤镜的效果
【2】使用滤镜之后的效果
6.3 九宮格滤镜
在ffplay中，为了达到九宫格效果，可以使用crop滤镜和tile滤镜的组合。
ffplay -vf "crop=iw/3:ih/3:0:0, tile=3x3" D:/123.mp4这个命令使用crop滤镜将视频分割成3行3列的九个部分。crop滤镜的参数iw/3:ih/3表示每个部分的宽度和高度是原始视频宽度和高度的1/3。然后使用tile滤镜将九个部分拼接成九宫格效果。
6.4 矩形框绘制滤镜
要在视频中间绘制一个200x200的红色矩形，可以使用 drawbox 滤镜。
ffplay.exe -i input.mp4 -vf "drawbox=x=(iw-200)/2:y=(ih-200)/2:w=200:h=200:color=red"参数解释：
• x=(iw-200)/2：矩形框的 x 坐标。
iw 表示输入视频的宽度。
(iw-200)/2 表示将矩形框的左上角横坐标设置为视频宽度减去 200 的一半，即将其居中显示。•
y=(ih-200)/2：矩形框的 y 坐标。
ih 表示输入视频的高度。
(ih-200)/2 表示将矩形框的左上角纵坐标设置为视频高度减去 200 的一半，即将其居中显示。•
w=200：矩形框的宽度，这里设置为 200。•
h=200：矩形框的高度，这里设置为 200。•
color=red：矩形框的颜色，这里设置为红色。
通过设置这些参数，drawbox 滤镜将在视频的中心位置绘制一个红色的 200x200 矩形框。
6.5 旋转角度滤镜
ffplay.exe -i D:/123.mp4 -vf "rotate=180"
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