在汽车行业质量审核中,VDA 6.3过程审核和VDA 6.8物流服务审核是最常见的两本“红皮书”。很多企业在应对审核时都会问:VDA 6.3的打分规则和VDA 6.8是不是一样的?高分是不是就能保证A级?
今天,我们就把 VDA 6.3的评分和降级逻辑 拆开讲清楚,并和VDA 6.8做个对比。
1. VDA 6.3的打分标准
和VDA 6.8一样,VDA 6.3的每个审核问题也采用 0-4-6-8-10分 的打分制
10分:完全满足要求,无偏差;
8分:基本满足,只有轻微偏差;
6分:部分满足,有明显偏差;
4分:严重偏差,基本不满足;
0分:完全不满足,关键缺陷。
举个例子:
在P2项目管理里,如果项目计划和客户要求完全一致 → 10分;
如果大多数活动计划合理,但部分资源分配滞后 → 8分;
如果项目经常延期、风险没有控制 → 4分甚至0分。
2. VDA 6.3整体评级:A / B / C
审核结果会汇总成“符合率”,最终分成三档:
A(≥90%):质量能力充分;
B(80%~89%):质量能力有条件地满足;
C(<80%):质量能力不足
这和VDA 6.8保持一致。
3. VDA 6.3的降级规则
重点来了!即使总分达标,也可能因为“红线”被降级:
从A降到B
即使总分 ≥90%,但出现以下情况必须降级:
某个过程要素(P2-P7)符合率 <80%;
某个过程步骤(例如P6分步骤)符合率 <80%;
P6下的子要素符合率 <80%;
任意“*”问题被打了 4分;
任意问题被打了 0分。
从A, B直接降到C
即使总分 ≥80%,但如果:
某个过程要素符合率 <70%;
某个过程步骤符合率 <70%;
任意“*”问题被打了 0分;
就必须直接降为C。
是不是和VDA 6.8的规则几乎一模一样?🤔
4. 举例
假设某企业整体符合率 91%,理论上是“A”。
审核员在P5供应商管理里,发现一个“*”问题(是否有确保只使用批准供应商的机制)打了 4分。
结果:整体必须从 A降到B。
另一种情况:
如果同样是91%,但在P6生产过程分析的“*”问题(特殊特性控制)被打了 0分,
结果:整体直接降为 C。
这和VDA 6.8的逻辑完全一样,只是对应的审核模块不同。
5. VDA 6.3 vs VDA 6.8:对比总结
| 项目 | VDA 6.3 | VDA 6.8 | 是否相同 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 打分方式 | 0-4-6-8-10 | 0-4-6-8-10 | ✅ 相同 |
| 整体评级 | A ≥90%,B 80-89%,C<80% | A ≥90%,B 80-89%,C<80% | ✅ 相同 |
| 降级条件 | 要素/步骤<80%或70%,*问题4分或0分,任意问题0分 | 同样逻辑 | ✅ 相同 |
| 应用场景 | 产品和过程开发、量产、供应链管理 | 物流、运输、仓储等服务环节 | ❌ 不同 |
可以看到,VDA 6.3和6.8在评分和降级逻辑上几乎一致,只是应用范围不同。
6. 企业的应对思路
想要确保“A”,企业必须注意:
避免0分问题;
特别关注“*”号问题;
确保每个过程要素和步骤都不掉到70%以下。
一句话总结:
不论是VDA 6.3还是VDA 6.8,审核不是拼平均分,而是拼关键点不掉链子!
| P2 | Project Management |
| 2.1 | Is a project management established with a project organization? |
| 2.2 | Are all resources required for the project implementation planned and available and are changes reported? |
| 2.3 | Is there a project plan and has this been agreed with the customer? |
| 2.4 | Is the advanced product quality planning implemented within the project and monitored for compliance? |
| 2.5 | Are the procurement activities of the project implemented and monitored for compliance? |
| 2.6 | Is change management within the project ensured by the project organization? |
| 2.7 | Is there an escalation process established and is this effectively implemented? |
| P3 | Planning Product and Process Development |
| 3.1 | Are the specific product and process requirements available? |
| 3.2 | Is the feasibility comprehensively evaluated according to the product and process requirements? |
| 3.3 | Are the activities for the product and process development planned in detail? |
| 3.4 | Are the activities planned for customer care/customer satisfaction/customer service and field failure analysis? |
| 3.5 | Have the necessary resources been taken into account for the product and process development? |
| P4 | Implementation Product and Process Development |
| 4.1 | Are the actions from product and process development plans implemented? |
| 4.2 | Are personnel resources available and are they qualified to ensure the start of the serial production? |
| 4.3 | Are the material resources available and suitable to ensure the start of serial production? |
| 4.4 | Are the required approvals and releases for the product and process development available? |
| 4.5 | Are the manufacturing and inspection specifications derived from the product and process development and are they implemented? |
| 4.6 | Is a performance test carried out under series conditions for the series release? |
| 4.7 | Are the processes established for securing customer care/customer satisfaction/customer service as well as the field failure analysis? |
| 4.8 | Is there a controlled method for the product handover from development to serial production? |
| P5 | Supplier Management |
| 5.1 | Are only approved and quality capable suppliers used? |
| 5.2 | Are customer requirements taken into account in the supply chain? |
| 5.4 | Are the necessary releases available for purchased products and services? |
| 5.5 | Is the agreed-upon quality of purchased products and services ensured? |
| 5.6 | Are incoming goods delivered and stored appropriately? |
| 5.7 | Are personnel qualified for the various tasks and are responsibilities defined? |
| P6 | Process Analysis Production |
| P6.1 | What goes into the Process? (Process Input) |
| 6.1.1 | Has the project been transferred from development to serial production and is a reliable start guaranteed? |
| 6.1.2 | Are the necessary quantities/production batch sizes of incoming materials available at the agreed-upon time and at the correct storage location/workstation? |
| 6.1.3 | Are incoming materials stored appropriately and are transport facilities/packing arrangements suitable for the special characteristics of the incoming materials? |
| 6.1.4 | Are the necessary identifications/records/approvals available and allocated appropriately to the incoming materials? |
| P6.2 | Are all Production Processes controlled? Process Management |
| 6.2.1 | Are the requirements of the control plan complete and have they been effectively implemented? |
| 6.2.2 | Does a repeat release for the restart of production take place? |
| 6.2.3 | Are special characteristics managed in the production? |
| 6.2.4 | Are non-released and/or defective parts managed? |
| 6.2.5 | Is the flow of materials and parts secured against mixing / wrong items? |
| P6.3 | What Functions support the Process? (Personnel Resources) |
| 6.3.1 | Are the employees able to fulfill their given tasks? |
| 6.3.2 | Do the employees know their responsibilities and authority in the monitoring of the quality of product and process quality? |
| 6.3.3 | Are the necessary personnel resources available? |
| P6.4 | What Means are used to implement the Process? (Material Resources) |
| 6.4.1 | Can the product-specific requirements from the customer be met with the manufacturing equipment? |
| 6.4.2 | Is the maintenance of the manufacturing equipment and tools controlled? |
| 6.4.3 | Can the quality requirements be effectively monitored with the measurement and testing facilities in use? |
| 6.4.4 | Are the work and inspection stations appropriate for the needs? |
| P6.5 | How effective is the Process being carried out? Effectiveness, Efficiency, Waste avoidance |
| 6.5.1 | Are there targets set for the manufacturing process? |
| 6.5.2 | Is quality and process data collected in a way that allows analysis? |
| 6.5.3 | In the case of deviations from product and process requirements, are the causes analyzed and the corrective actions checked for effectiveness? |
| 6.5.4 | Are processes and products audited regularly? |
| P6.6 | What should the Process produce? (Process Result / Output) |
| 6.6.1 | Do the quantities/production batch sizes meet the needs and are they systematically directed to the next process step? |
| 6.6.2 | Are products/components stored appropriately and are transport facilities/packing arrangements suitable for the special characteristics of the products/components? |
| 6.6.3 | Are the necessary records/releases retained? |
| 6.6.4 | Are customer requirements met at the delivery of the final product? |
| P7 | Customer Care / Customer Satisfaction / Service |
| 7.1 | Are all requirements related to QM-System, product, and process fulfilled? |
| 7.2 | Is customer service guaranteed? |
| 7.3 | Is the supply of parts guaranteed? |
| 7.4 | If there are deviations from quality requirements, are failure analyses carried out and corrective actions implemented effectively? |
| 7.5 | Are personnel qualified for their respective tasks and are responsibilities defined? |
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