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一文看懂VDA 6.3审核的评分与降级:和VDA 6.8一样吗?

2025/09/28
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汽车行业质量审核中,VDA 6.3过程审核VDA 6.8物流服务审核是最常见的两本“红皮书”。很多企业在应对审核时都会问:VDA 6.3的打分规则和VDA 6.8是不是一样的?高分是不是就能保证A级?

今天,我们就把 VDA 6.3的评分和降级逻辑 拆开讲清楚,并和VDA 6.8做个对比。

1. VDA 6.3的打分标准

和VDA 6.8一样,VDA 6.3的每个审核问题也采用 0-4-6-8-10分 的打分制

10分:完全满足要求,无偏差;

8分:基本满足,只有轻微偏差;

6分:部分满足,有明显偏差;

4分:严重偏差,基本不满足;

0分:完全不满足,关键缺陷。

举个例子:

P2项目管理里,如果项目计划和客户要求完全一致 → 10分

如果大多数活动计划合理,但部分资源分配滞后 → 8分

如果项目经常延期、风险没有控制 → 4分甚至0分

2. VDA 6.3整体评级:A / B / C

审核结果会汇总成“符合率”,最终分成三档:

A(≥90%):质量能力充分;

B(80%~89%):质量能力有条件地满足;

C(<80%):质量能力不足

这和VDA 6.8保持一致。

3. VDA 6.3的降级规则

重点来了!即使总分达标,也可能因为“红线”被降级:

从A降到B

即使总分 ≥90%,但出现以下情况必须降级:

某个过程要素(P2-P7)符合率 <80%;

某个过程步骤(例如P6分步骤)符合率 <80%;

P6下的子要素符合率 <80%;

任意“*”问题被打了 4分

任意问题被打了 0分

从A, B直接降到C

即使总分 ≥80%,但如果:

某个过程要素符合率 <70%;

某个过程步骤符合率 <70%;

任意“*”问题被打了 0分

就必须直接降为C。

是不是和VDA 6.8的规则几乎一模一样?🤔

4. 举例

假设某企业整体符合率 91%,理论上是“A”。

审核员在P5供应商管理里,发现一个“*”问题(是否有确保只使用批准供应商的机制)打了 4分

结果:整体必须从 A降到B

另一种情况:

如果同样是91%,但在P6生产过程分析的“*”问题(特殊特性控制)被打了 0分

结果:整体直接降为 C

这和VDA 6.8的逻辑完全一样,只是对应的审核模块不同。

5. VDA 6.3 vs VDA 6.8:对比总结

项目 VDA 6.3 VDA 6.8 是否相同
打分方式 0-4-6-8-10 0-4-6-8-10 ✅ 相同
整体评级 A ≥90%,B 80-89%,C<80% A ≥90%,B 80-89%,C<80% ✅ 相同
降级条件 要素/步骤<80%或70%,*问题4分或0分,任意问题0分 同样逻辑 ✅ 相同
应用场景 产品和过程开发、量产、供应链管理 物流、运输、仓储等服务环节 ❌ 不同

可以看到,VDA 6.3和6.8在评分和降级逻辑上几乎一致,只是应用范围不同

6. 企业的应对思路

想要确保“A”,企业必须注意:

避免0分问题;

特别关注“*”号问题;

确保每个过程要素和步骤都不掉到70%以下。

一句话总结:

不论是VDA 6.3还是VDA 6.8,审核不是拼平均分,而是拼关键点不掉链子!

P2 Project Management
2.1 Is a project management established with a project organization?
2.2 Are all resources required for the project implementation planned and available and are changes reported?
2.3 Is there a project plan and has this been agreed with the customer?
2.4 Is the advanced product quality planning implemented within the project and monitored for compliance?
2.5 Are the procurement activities of the project implemented and monitored for compliance?
2.6 Is change management within the project ensured by the project organization?
2.7 Is there an escalation process established and is this effectively implemented?
P3 Planning Product and Process Development
3.1 Are the specific product and process requirements available?
3.2 Is the feasibility comprehensively evaluated according to the product and process requirements?
3.3 Are the activities for the product and process development planned in detail?
3.4 Are the activities planned for customer care/customer satisfaction/customer service and field failure analysis?
3.5 Have the necessary resources been taken into account for the product and process development?
P4 Implementation Product and Process Development
4.1 Are the actions from product and process development plans implemented?
4.2 Are personnel resources available and are they qualified to ensure the start of the serial production?
4.3 Are the material resources available and suitable to ensure the start of serial production?
4.4 Are the required approvals and releases for the product and process development available?
4.5 Are the manufacturing and inspection specifications derived from the product and process development and are they implemented?
4.6 Is a performance test carried out under series conditions for the series release?
4.7 Are the processes established for securing customer care/customer satisfaction/customer service as well as the field failure analysis?
4.8 Is there a controlled method for the product handover from development to serial production?
P5 Supplier Management
5.1 Are only approved and quality capable suppliers used?
5.2 Are customer requirements taken into account in the supply chain?
5.4 Are the necessary releases available for purchased products and services?
5.5 Is the agreed-upon quality of purchased products and services ensured?
5.6 Are incoming goods delivered and stored appropriately?
5.7 Are personnel qualified for the various tasks and are responsibilities defined?
P6 Process Analysis Production
P6.1 What goes into the Process? (Process Input)
6.1.1 Has the project been transferred from development to serial production and is a reliable start guaranteed?
6.1.2 Are the necessary quantities/production batch sizes of incoming materials available at the agreed-upon time and at the correct storage location/workstation?
6.1.3 Are incoming materials stored appropriately and are transport facilities/packing arrangements suitable for the special characteristics of the incoming materials?
6.1.4 Are the necessary identifications/records/approvals available and allocated appropriately to the incoming materials?
P6.2 Are all Production Processes controlled? Process Management
6.2.1 Are the requirements of the control plan complete and have they been effectively implemented?
6.2.2 Does a repeat release for the restart of production take place?
6.2.3 Are special characteristics managed in the production?
6.2.4 Are non-released and/or defective parts managed?
6.2.5 Is the flow of materials and parts secured against mixing / wrong items?
P6.3 What Functions support the Process? (Personnel Resources)
6.3.1 Are the employees able to fulfill their given tasks?
6.3.2 Do the employees know their responsibilities and authority in the monitoring of the quality of product and process quality?
6.3.3 Are the necessary personnel resources available?
P6.4 What Means are used to implement the Process? (Material Resources)
6.4.1 Can the product-specific requirements from the customer be met with the manufacturing equipment?
6.4.2 Is the maintenance of the manufacturing equipment and tools controlled?
6.4.3 Can the quality requirements be effectively monitored with the measurement and testing facilities in use?
6.4.4 Are the work and inspection stations appropriate for the needs?
P6.5 How effective is the Process being carried out? Effectiveness, Efficiency, Waste avoidance
6.5.1 Are there targets set for the manufacturing process?
6.5.2 Is quality and process data collected in a way that allows analysis?
6.5.3 In the case of deviations from product and process requirements, are the causes analyzed and the corrective actions checked for effectiveness?
6.5.4 Are processes and products audited regularly?
P6.6 What should the Process produce? (Process Result / Output)
6.6.1 Do the quantities/production batch sizes meet the needs and are they systematically directed to the next process step?
6.6.2 Are products/components stored appropriately and are transport facilities/packing arrangements suitable for the special characteristics of the products/components?
6.6.3 Are the necessary records/releases retained?
6.6.4 Are customer requirements met at the delivery of the final product?
P7 Customer Care / Customer Satisfaction / Service
7.1 Are all requirements related to QM-System, product, and process fulfilled?
7.2 Is customer service guaranteed?
7.3 Is the supply of parts guaranteed?
7.4 If there are deviations from quality requirements, are failure analyses carried out and corrective actions implemented effectively?
7.5 Are personnel qualified for their respective tasks and are responsibilities defined?

 

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